圣经尼希米记第7章讲解|原文_尼希米记全文阅读

旧约 - 尼希米记（Nehemiah）第7章

Now it came to pass, when the wall was built, and I had set up the doors, and the porters and the singers and the Levites were appointed,

That I gave my brother Hanani, and Hananiah the ruler of the palace, charge over Jerusalem: for he was a faithful man, and feared God above many.

And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand by, let them shut the doors, and bar them: and appoint watches of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house.

Now the city was large and great: but the people were few therein, and the houses were not builded.

And my God put into mine heart to gather together the nobles, and the rulers, and the people, that they might be reckoned by genealogy. And I found a register of the genealogy of them which came up at the first, and found written therein,

These are the children of the province, that went up out of the captivity, of those that had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away, and came again to Jerusalem and to Judah, every one unto his city;

Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum, Baanah. The number, I say, of the men of the people of Israel was this;

The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two.

The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two.

The children of Arah, six hundred fifty and two.

The children of Pahathmoab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand and eight hundred and eighteen.

The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.

The children of Zattu, eight hundred forty and five.

The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore.

The children of Binnui, six hundred forty and eight.

The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and eight.

The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty and two.

The children of Adonikam, six hundred threescore and seven.

The children of Bigvai, two thousand threescore and seven.

The children of Adin, six hundred fifty and five.

The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight.

The children of Hashum, three hundred twenty and eight.

The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and four.

The children of Hariph, an hundred and twelve.

The children of Gibeon, ninety and five.

The men of Bethlehem and Netophah, an hundred fourscore and eight.

The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight.

The men of Bethazmaveth, forty and two.

The men of Kirjathjearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred forty and three.

The men of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one.

The men of Michmas, an hundred and twenty and two.

The men of Bethel and Ai, an hundred twenty and three.

The men of the other Nebo, fifty and two.

The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four.

The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty.

The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five.

The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and one.

The children of Senaah, three thousand nine hundred and thirty.

The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three.

The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two.

The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven.

The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen.

The Levites: the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the children of Hodevah, seventy and four.

The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred forty and eight.

The porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, an hundred thirty and eight.

The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hashupha, the children of Tabbaoth,

The children of Keros, the children of Sia, the children of Padon,

The children of Lebana, the children of Hagaba, the children of Shalmai,

The children of Hanan, the children of Giddel, the children of Gahar,

The children of Reaiah, the children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda,

The children of Gazzam, the children of Uzza, the children of Phaseah,

The children of Besai, the children of Meunim, the children of Nephishesim,

The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur,

The children of Bazlith, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha,

The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Tamah,

The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha.

The children of Solomon's servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Perida,

The children of Jaala, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel,

The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Amon.

All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, were three hundred ninety and two.

And these were they which went up also from Telmelah, Telharesha, Cherub, Addon, and Immer: but they could not shew their father's house, nor their seed, whether they were of Israel.

The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred forty and two.

And of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai, which took one of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite to wife, and was called after their name.

These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but it was not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood.

And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim.

The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore,

Beside their manservants and their maidservants, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and they had two hundred forty and five singing men and singing women.

Their horses, seven hundred thirty and six: their mules, two hundred forty and five:

Their camels, four hundred thirty and five: six thousand seven hundred and twenty asses.

And some of the chief of the fathers gave unto the work. The Tirshatha gave to the treasure a thousand drams of gold, fifty basons, five hundred and thirty priests' garments.

And some of the chief of the fathers gave to the treasure of the work twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand and two hundred pound of silver.

And that which the rest of the people gave was twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand pound of silver, and threescore and seven priests' garments.

So the priests, and the Levites, and the porters, and the singers, and some of the people, and the Nethinims, and all Israel, dwelt in their cities; and when the seventh month came, the children of Israel were in their cities.

尼希米记第七章　　第 7 章　

　　尼 7:2> 作领袖的首要条件是什么？　

　　7:2　只有忠诚和敬虔的人，才配治理耶路撒冷。他们将神放在首位，深信必能完工。甄选领袖必须以忠信和虔诚作为重要标准；或许其他资格更为吸引人，但只有忠信和虔敬，才能胜过一切试炼。 %5　

　　尼 7:3> 派人看守城门一事，反映出尼希米的哪些特质？　

　　7:3　城门通常在黎明时分打开，让商人进城搭起帐篷摊档。尼希米为免耶路撒冷在未有准备下受敌人攻击，所以吩咐要等太阳升起来，人们恢复警觉性后，才打开城门。　

　　7:3　城墙竣工，但工作尚未结束，尼希米派每户看守自己房屋对面的一段城墙。我们常在完成一件重大的工作后便松懈下来，但我们必须继续事奉神，照料祂所交托的一切。请记住，工作与跟进，二者同样重要。　

　　尼 7:5-73> 尼希米统计人口合不合神的心意？　

　　7:5-73　尼希米找到了家谱。这家谱与以斯拉所记的相同（参拉 2:1-70 ），因此很可能是以斯拉将家谱收藏在圣殿的档案室内，后来被尼希米发现。　

　　尼 7:61> 犹太人为什么那么重视家谱？　

　　7:61　家谱对于犹太人非常重要，因为只有家谱才能证明他们是亚伯拉罕的后嗣，也是神的子民（参创 12:1-3 ； 15:1-6 ；出 19:5-6 ；申 11:22-28 ）。若遗失了家谱，他们就有可能失去犹太人的身分。　

　　尼 7:64-65> “用乌陵和土明决疑的祭司”是指什么？　

　　7:64-65　乌陵和土明，是祭司用来明白神旨意的工具（参出 28:30 ）。如果有人在家谱中找不到自己的名字，但经过大祭司用乌陵和土明证明他是犹太人并且属利未支派后，他仍可担任祭司。这里的乌陵和土明是新造的，还是耶路撒冷被毁时幸存的，则不得而知。“至圣的物”是指奉献给神的肉，属献祭的一部分，只有真正的祭司才可以吃。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

尼希米记第七章　　优先（七 1-73 ）　

　　（一）　

　　本章大部分（ 6-73 节上）我们已经遇过，其动机和目的，与以斯拉记二章一至七十节相同。因此我们在这里所要说的，可以限于问为什么这一张从巴比伦归国的名单记载在这里，和以前的以斯拉记里。　

　　这问题的答案，是在一至五节里。从一切外表看来，尼希米现在大功告成了。城墙已经重建。犹大及耶路撒冷的居民，经历了漫长的过程，几乎达百年之久，从古列的谕旨起，经过圣殿的重建，建城开始的失利，到现在安全的景况，终于到达了最后的阶段。尼希米自己，似乎正在考虑，他是否回归帝国的中心，重操酒政之职，还是只将报告交给国王。（我们从 2 节分派哈拿尼的工作，推论得来。这次回去，不是十三 6 所说的那次。在他作省长的十二年期间，五 14 ，可能回去过好几次。）　

　　不过，他的工作尚未完成。城墙是完成了，但是城内居民却不足。在一切有关徙置的报告，很少道及耶路撒冷和犹大其他城市相关的人口。在以斯拉记的名单里，没有清楚表明这城市，本章也是如此。凡是讲到回归‘耶路撒冷和犹大’（如 6 节），前者的重要性主要是宗教性的，指重建圣殿及其崇拜。重建时期，来自省城的工人涌入，人口无疑言过其实──或许有的还带家属（参照四 14 ）。但是随工作完成，尼希米哀叹这美好的新城由于人口稀少（ 4 节），几乎名不副实。没有百姓在背后，城墙不足以保护圣殿。如果他们在敌对的环境里根本幸存下来了，他们至多是一站立一旁的沉默的控诉者，一切工程完成之际，却很少关心上帝的名。　

　　因此尼希米关心两件事。第一，建造工程需要短期献身，除非那是持久献身的标志，否则就失去意义。他们不能只是牺牲一次，戴上桂冠就完了。他们必须终身带上献身的印记。（很清楚──正如十一 1-2 所证实的──居住在耶路撒冷的人，在许多不住在那里的人眼中，被理解为一种牺牲。）基督徒的信仰，也是如此。在我们意识的深处，往往把参与基督教服务工作，当作只是要偿还上帝给我们的恩。当然，我们自己不会这样说，这是错误的。作为一个基督徒，他应当如路加福音十七章七至十节所说的那仆人，服侍了主人一整天，但是仍须服侍。何等幸运，我们的主人不像一般的主人，祂是富有同情与怜悯的！　

　　第二点，尼希米关心的并非在乎城墙本身。在旧约里，要遵守的呼召顺服，有很多方式。在本书里是城墙的防御工事。但是上帝子民被召的行动，并非就等同顺服。旧约的作者许多次呼召百姓悔改，因为他们以为行动（如献祭）就等于服从（参照弥六 6-8 ）。在这里，就像圣殿各处一样，上帝看的是内心。　

　　（二）　

　　我们这段经文，也使我们看到尼希米作为一个领袖，不辞艰苦的能力。经过多次的胜利，他渴望得到保证，一切不因疏忽而浪费。一节里守门的，说的是守城墙 \cs8 的门。（‘守门的，歌唱的，和利未人’结成的一组，通常与圣殿有关。我们很难看到任命‘歌唱的和利未人’与完成城墙，有什么关系。不过十三章廿二节，我们看见尼希米分明想利未人恰如其分的在安息日看守城门。这说明了一节里的一组人。）三节讲到在晚上关上城门，和警守防范。这一切简直在我们预期里，透过一个起码向上帝忠心耿耿、专心致力于上帝事工，看到事工彻底完成的人。　

　　更令人注目的，或许是这些经文里说的优先权。尼希米派他的弟兄哈拿尼（ Hanani ）在耶路撒冷做他的代表，就是一章二节那报告他知道耶路撒冷遭苦难的那一位。（哈拿尼亚， Hananiah ，可能是重复抄写哈拿尼的笔误──在希伯来文字中，很似‘我的弟兄哈拿尼’。）尼希米在托付他们当注意的事项时，告诉我们，他是‘忠信的，又敬畏上帝过于众人’。这是尼希米认为作为一个领袖重要的素质。精明、坚强，是的；他自己也显出这些素质。但是虔敬爱主是不可或缺的。　

　　四节记载一件相似的重要事迹，虽然城墙完全完成，但是‘房屋还没有建造’。我们不能说，在耶路撒冷没有房屋。在三节中曾提到房屋，很清楚的在城中有人居住。他主要的意思是说，在尼希米引导建造的过程中，没有建造房屋。如果在从容不迫的情况下建造城墙，大可以将建造房屋计划在内，以节省资源，充分利用地方（参照在耶利哥喇合的房屋，书二 15 ）。但是由于工作的急迫性，就无法顾及城墙的修饰，或人民将来的生活情况。　

　　我们对于导致完成建造城墙的目标这种思想，可以有两幅图画。一个领袖知道，真正的成功是出于虔诚爱主的心──达成协议的子民，头脑清楚地接受上帝呼召，排除一切艰难，努力完成使命：藉此耶路撒冷得以建成，敌人蒙受羞辱。　

　　我们不再需要加添什么，去说明把名单置放在这里的理由。尼希米点查在犹大的人口，计划怎样分配耶路撒冷的人口。其目的是要保证，以前的劳力，并不白费，并且要求百姓，继续保持正确的优先权考虑次序，把自己的利益放在次要，以上帝的旨意和大众利益摆在首位。──《每日研经丛书》　