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旧约 - 列王记下(2 Kings)第18章

Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign.
Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Abi, the daughter of Zachariah.
And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did.
He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it: and he called it Nehushtan.
He trusted in the LORD God of Israel; so that after him was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him.
For he clave to the LORD, and departed not from following him, but kept his commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses.
And the LORD was with him; and he prospered whithersoever he went forth: and he rebelled against the king of Assyria, and served him not.
He smote the Philistines, even unto Gaza, and the borders thereof, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city.
And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it.
And at the end of three years they took it: even in the sixth year of Hezekiah, that is the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was taken.
And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes:
Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.
Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.
And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.
And Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house.
At that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the LORD, and from the pillars which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria.
And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller's field.
And when they had called to the king, there came out to them Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder.
And Rabshakeh said unto them, Speak ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest?
Thou sayest, (but they are but vain words,) I have counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me?
Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him.
But if ye say unto me, We trust in the LORD our God: is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem?
Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my lord the king of Assyria, and I will deliver thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.
How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?
Am I now come up without the LORD against this place to destroy it? The LORD said to me, Go up against this land, and destroy it.
Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews' language in the ears of the people that are on the wall.
But Rabshakeh said unto them, Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men which sit on the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you?
Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and spake, saying, Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria:
Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you out of his hand:
Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.
Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me, and then eat ye every man of his own vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his cistern:
Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye may live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you, saying, The LORD will deliver us.
Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered at all his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah? have they delivered Samaria out of mine hand?
Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country out of mine hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of mine hand?
But the people held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king's commandment was, saying, Answer him not.
Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.
列王纪下第十八章   第 18 章 

  王下 18:4> 怎样看待敬拜时所用的器物,和有象征意义的纪念品? 

  18:4 神曾吩咐摩西造铜蛇,本来是用以医治被火蛇咬伤的以色列人(参民 21:4-9 )。这显明神在人中间有大能,提醒他们记住祂的怜悯与赦免。但以色列人竟把它看作敬拜的对象,而不是追忆当受敬拜的那一位神,所以希西家不得不将它打碎。我们必须留意,切勿将帮助敬拜的器物当作受敬拜者本身。大多数器物皆不是造来作偶像的,它们之所以成为偶像,全因为人误用它们。 

  王下 18:5> “在他前后的犹大列王中没有一个及他的”指的是什么? 

  18:5 “没有一个及他的……”希西家和他的父亲亚哈斯有天渊之别,他紧紧跟从神,比犹大或以色列所有的君王都忠心。这句话指国家分裂后的诸王,不包括大卫。 

  18:7 犹大处于列强夹缝之中。埃及与亚述两国都想控制犹大与以色列,因为他们位于古代近东贸易的主要通道上。能控制犹大的国家,就占有了军事和经济上的优势。希西家作王的时候,亚述控制了犹大。他的父亲亚哈斯臣服于这强大帝国,希西家却照神的旨意英勇地对抗亚述。他信靠神的能力,不靠自己的力量。从人的眼光看来,他这样行虽然充满障碍危险,但他却甘愿顺服神的命令。 

  王下 18:9-12> 怎样借鉴,关系到怎样更新,希西家目睹了北国的结局…… 

  18:9-12 这几节重提以色列覆灭的历史。希西家与父亲亚哈斯共同作王十四年(公元前 729-715 ),他自己作王十八年(公元前 715-697 ),与他儿子玛拿西共同作王十一年(公元前 697-686 ),总共四十三年。十八章第二节所说的,他作王二十九年,仅指他一人掌管全国的年数。他在位的时候,北国以色列已经被消灭了(公元前 722 年)。以色列的结局,可能促使了他在国内实施改革。(有关希西家的详情,请参代下 29-32 章;赛 36-39 章。) 

  希西家 

  王下 18:13> 亚述王上来攻击犹大!何解? 

  18:13 事情发生于公元前 701 年,那是西拿基立作亚述王的第四年。他的父亲撒珥根二世将以色列的人民掳去(参 17:3 的注释);南国犹大为免受他的攻击,就每年进贡。西拿基立作王时,希西家不再给他进贡,并期望亚述能容忍,但西拿基立率领军队前来进攻,对他们实施报复。希西家看出自己的不智,遂向他进贡( 18:14 ),西拿基立仍然攻打他( 18:19-37 )。幸好西拿基立不像以前的亚述诸王那么好战,他喜欢花较多时间建造美化京城尼尼微。他既不常常动武,希西家就可以实施多项改革,以巩固国防。 

  王下 18:17> 他珥探、拉伯撒利和拉伯沙基是些什么人? 

  18:17 西拿基立派最高级军政人员在阵前劝话,就类似于派副总统、国务院总理、三军总司令去向对方招降。他派这些人去向犹大人耀武扬威以挫其锐气。──《灵修版圣经注释》