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新约 - 希伯来书(Hebrews)第9章

Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.
A tabernacle was set up. In its first room were the lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called the Holy Place.
Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place,
which had the golden altar of incense and the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron's staff that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant.
Above the ark were the cherubim of the Glory, overshadowing the atonement cover. But we cannot discuss these things in detail now.
When everything had been arranged like this, the priests entered regularly into the outer room to carry on their ministry.
But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.
The Holy Spirit was showing by this that the way into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still standing.
This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper.
They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings--external regulations applying until the time of the new order.
When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man-made, that is to say, not a part of this creation.
He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption.
The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean.
How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God!
For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance--now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.
In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it,
because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living.
This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood.
When Moses had proclaimed every commandment of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves, together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people.
He said, "This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep."
In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies.
In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.
It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
For Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God's presence.
Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not his own.
Then Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world. But now he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself.
Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment,
so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him.
希伯来书第九章   新的约和旧的约 

  来 9:1> 9:1 “圣幕”是指神晓谕摩西设立的会幕(参出 36-40 章)。 

  来 9:5> 9:5 “基路伯”是大能的天使。 

  来 9:6-8> 大祭司、至圣所,二者的关系可大呢!…… 

  9:6-8 大祭司可以在每年一次的赎罪日,进到会幕最内部的至圣所,为全体百姓赎罪。至圣所是一所小房间,其中放置着约柜。约柜是一个包金的柜子,里面放着刻了十诫的石版、一罐吗哪和亚伦发过芽的手杖。约柜顶部放有“施恩座”,在赎罪日,大祭司将祭牲的血弹在施恩座前(参利 16 章)。对以色列人来说,至圣所是地上最圣洁之处,只有大祭司才能进去,其他祭司和普通百姓均不得进入,他们只有藉大祭司才能朝见神,大祭司献上祭牲,以动物的血先为自己赎罪,再为百姓赎罪( 10:19 )。 

  来 9:10> 9:10 犹太人一直持守旧约中各样饮食和洁净的礼仪,直至基督带来神更新更好的方法。 

  来 9:12> 我们是被买赎回来的──谁甘心这样做?从哪儿赎? 

  9:12 这节的意象来自赎罪日的礼仪(参利 16 章),“赎”指为释放奴隶而付出代价的过程。基督的死使我们永远脱离罪的奴役。 

  来 9:12-14> 成圣──不足?是的,我们是;有罪之身怎得洁净?我怕…… 

  9:12-14 虽然你认识基督,却仍需努力为善,以讨神的喜悦。规条和宗教礼仪并不能洁净人心,只有靠着耶稣的宝血:( 1 )我们的良心才得以洁净;( 2 )我们才不受死亡辖制,可以为事奉主而活;( 3 )不再受罪所辖制。你是否因为表现不够好而有罪咎感?那你就要重新看清楚耶稣的死对你的意义。基督能医治你的良心,将你从这挣扎中拯救出来。 

  来 9:13-14> 心之洁净靠耶稣──只要你愿意,真的…… 

  9:13-14 根据旧约律法,人献动物为祭时,神就在礼仪上洁净了人的罪。但基督的牺牲能改变我们的生命和内心,使我们的内心也洁净。祂的牺牲,比动物祭牲有效得多。不要因为我们的罪和软弱,拦阻了祂的赦免。 

  来 9:15> 基督是新约的人物,何竟可以赎前约时的人? 

  9:15 虽然基督的救恩在旧约时代仍未出现,但当时的人也是靠基督的牺牲而得救的,他们献上无瑕疵的祭牲,期待基督的降临。现在如果再重拾这个献祭的制度就毫无意义了,因为基督已经降临,为我们的罪受死,作了最后最完美的祭物。为何还要期待已经发生的事再发生呢? 

  来 9:22> 宝血一流,罪就赦了;血若不流……为何定要流血呢? 

  9:22 为什么赦罪需要流血呢?这并非如某些人所误会,认为神嗜血才立下这规定。血是生命的最佳代表,血令我们存活,耶稣为我们的罪流出宝血,舍弃生命,使我们不致经历灵命的死亡,永远与神隔绝。耶稣是生命的源头,不是死亡的源头,祂舍弃自己的生命来使我们存活,为我们流出宝血,又从坟墓里复活,战胜了罪恶与死亡。 

  来 9:23> 天上的本物,更美的祭物,这是指…… 

  9:23 地上的会幕反映和象征天堂的实体,虽然我们不能完全理解,但事实就是这样。天上的洁净被理解为指基督在天上为我们所做的属灵工作(参 8:5 注释)。 

  来 9:24> 基督为我们所做的事真多──至于我为基督所做的事嘛…… 

  9:24 在不熟悉的概念中,如祭司、会幕、祭牲等,我们看到有关基督是我们中保的描述,使我们从中获得鼓励。基督与我们同在,在神面前代表我们;基督又是我们的救主,不但印证神赦免我们的罪,也为我们的需要向神祈求,把我们的事奉当作祭物献给神( 7:25 )。 

  来 9:24-28> 按着命定,人人都有一死──圣经不是说我有永生? 

  9:24-28 每个人的肉体都会死亡,但基督的死却使我们的灵魂不至灭亡,我们可以全然相信,祂的救赎工作可以把我们过去、现在、未来的罪抹去:祂死在十字架上,一次为众人献上自己,祂已经赦免了我们过去的罪( 9:26 );又赐下圣灵帮助我们面对现在的罪,如今祂在天上作我们的大祭司( 9:24 );并应许再来( 9:28 ),将我们带到没有罪恶的世界里得享永生。 

  来 9:26> 神子降,神子死,罪人得生命;主再来?你我何时见主面? 

  9:26 基督为成就旧约的预言,降临世上,带来恩典和宽恕的新纪元。我们仍然活在“末世”,主的日子已经开始,直到基督再来的时候才结束,“末世”就是祂两次临世期间的日子。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》