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旧约 - 利未记(Leviticus)第11章

And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them,
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.
Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you.
Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you.
These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:
They shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination.
Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you.
And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;
Every raven after his kind;
And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,
And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,
And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,
And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.
Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth;
Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.
But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you.
And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even.
And whosoever beareth ought of the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean.
And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even.
And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you.
These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,
And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.
These are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.
And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.
And every earthen vessel, whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it.
Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean.
And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you.
Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean.
And if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.
But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you.
And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.
And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten.
Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.
Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, that ye should be defiled thereby.
For I am the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
For I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.
This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:
To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.
利未记第十一章   第 11 章 

  利 11:8> “不可吃”,“不可摸”,这么严厉!我对待诫命的态度好像…… 

  11:8 神严禁以色列人吃“不洁动物”的肉,为做得彻底起见,甚至不准他们摸这些动物。祂所禁止的,祂的子民要毫不沾染。我们常常对试探逢场作戏,认为最低限度,自己未行出罪恶就未违背诫命,应该可以过关。但是神的要求是要我们把自己从一切的罪和引诱的环境之中,完全分别出来。 

  利 11:25> 到神面前来的人,必须谨慎自省…… 

  11:25 百姓在敬拜神以前,必须先有所准备。有些行动不符合神圣洁的条例,有些是出于自然的(例如,妇人生产,月经,行房事),有些事出偶然(例如触摸动物的尸体),这些都能使人不洁,不能参加敬拜。这并不是说他们犯了罪,或是被神弃绝,只是要使所有的敬拜恭恭敬敬地、按规矩行事。这一章中讲述许多使人不能敬拜神的事项,不论是偶然发生的,或是人故意犯的,都须等到当事人被“洁净”,或是过错已改正以后,才可以去敬拜神。同样,我们也不能一周中六天随喜好而行,到礼拜天才匆匆忙忙地来到神面前敬拜。我们必须以悔改与洁净的心准备自己,才好敬拜神。 

  利 11:44-45> 神为何要颁布这样详细的律法?今日我们怎样遵守律法的原则? 

  11:44-45 本章不仅是讲到饮食条例,这两节经文,对了解这卷书中所有的律法条例,提供了一个要诀。神要祂的百姓成为圣洁(被分别出来,与万民有别),正如祂是圣洁的一样。祂知道百姓只有两个选择:一个是分别为圣,另一个是与异教民族妥协,变得败坏。为此祂领百姓离开拜偶像的埃及之地,将他们分别出来,成为单单属于祂、敬拜祂、过有道德生活的民族。神为此也制定律法与禁令,好使他们在社会上和灵性上继续分别为圣,日后进入迦南地,住在邪恶的异教各族之中,也能与其有别。神也吩咐新约时代的基督徒要圣洁(参彼前 1:15 )。我们要像以色列人一样,在属灵生活中与世界的邪恶习俗保持距离,尽管每天与不信之人混杂在一起,也要与人有别。在不圣洁的世界之中,要想成为圣洁并不容易,不过,神并不要你倚靠自己。藉着祂儿子耶稣的受死,神叫我们都成为圣洁、没有瑕疵的,将我们无可指责地引到祂自己面前(参西 1:22 )。 

  利 11:47> 神为什么要以色列人分别洁净与不洁净,可吃与不可吃的呢? 

  11:47 洁净和不洁净,这两个词语是用来区分以色列人可以吃与不可以吃的各种动物。圣经对食物作出限制,原因是:( 1 )确保全族的健康。神不准他们吃的鸟兽类,通常是吃腐尸的,很容易传染疾病。( 2 )使他们与其他各族有别。例如异教徒通常以猪献祭(神不准以色列人吃猪肉)。( 3 )最主要的一点是,神藉此提醒以色列人,住在他们中间的神是圣洁的。──《灵修版圣经注释》