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旧约 - 出埃及记(Exodus)第21章

"These are the laws you are to set before them:
"If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying anything.
If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him.
If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.
"But if the servant declares, 'I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to go free,'
then his master must take him before the judges. He shall take him to the door or the doorpost and pierce his ear with an awl. Then he will be his servant for life.
"If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as menservants do.
If she does not please the master who has selected her for himself, he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her.
If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter.
If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights.
If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money.
"Anyone who strikes a man and kills him shall surely be put to death.
However, if he does not do it intentionally, but God lets it happen, he is to flee to a place I will designate.
But if a man schemes and kills another man deliberately, take him away from my altar and put him to death.
"Anyone who attacks his father or his mother must be put to death.
"Anyone who kidnaps another and either sells him or still has him when he is caught must be put to death.
"Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.
"If men quarrel and one hits the other with a stone or with his fist and he does not die but is confined to bed,
the one who struck the blow will not be held responsible if the other gets up and walks around outside with his staff; however, he must pay the injured man for the loss of his time and see that he is completely healed.
"If a man beats his male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies as a direct result, he must be punished,
but he is not to be punished if the slave gets up after a day or two, since the slave is his property.
"If men who are fighting hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman's husband demands and the court allows.
But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.
"If a man hits a manservant or maidservant in the eye and destroys it, he must let the servant go free to compensate for the eye.
And if he knocks out the tooth of a manservant or maidservant, he must let the servant go free to compensate for the tooth.
"If a bull gores a man or a woman to death, the bull must be stoned to death, and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the bull will not be held responsible.
If, however, the bull has had the habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up and it kills a man or woman, the bull must be stoned and the owner also must be put to death.
However, if payment is demanded of him, he may redeem his life by paying whatever is demanded.
This law also applies if the bull gores a son or daughter.
If the bull gores a male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels of silver to the master of the slave, and the bull must be stoned.
"If a man uncovers a pit or digs one and fails to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it,
the owner of the pit must pay for the loss; he must pay its owner, and the dead animal will be his.
"If a man's bull injures the bull of another and it dies, they are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the dead animal equally.
However, if it was known that the bull had the habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up, the owner must pay, animal for animal, and the dead animal will be his.
出埃及记第廿一章   第 21 章 

  出 21 章 > 在遵守和执行对待他人的律法上,我是否一视同仁? 

  21 章 神赐下律法,叫我们晓得所行所做都有后果。我们行事以前,必定要三思后果,才作抉择。想想你今日的计划,考虑它会产生的长远后果。与别人相处,心中也要牢记律法的原则。公平待人,克尽本分,无论是敌是友,都持同一态度。 

  出 21:2> 买希伯来人作奴仆?神不是鼓励他们这样作吧…… 

  21:2 以色列人虽然脱离了奴役,但是也有买卖或雇用奴仆的。人可能因为贫穷、欠债或因为犯罪而沦为奴仆。不过,神要求他们人道地对待作奴仆之人,不可视为财物,且若干年后要让他们得自由,无条件地送走他们。圣经承认有奴隶存在,却从不鼓励这种制度。 

  出 21:24-25> “以眼还眼,以牙还牙……”它的原则是……这跟人的报复有何区别? 

  21:24-25 律法定出“以眼还眼”,只是作为判决的原则,并不是人际关系的准则,也非同意报复。这种作恶受惩,只是为了避免人使用残酷而野蛮的方式来互相报复,因为古代许多国家都有滥用私刑的情况。主耶稣以这个原则教导人不要报复(参太 5:38-48 )。作法官、父母、教师以及处于管理阶层之人,都要作出智慧的抉择,管教方能收效。处罚太严则不公,太宽则不能导人向善。所以下判断以前,要恳求神赐智慧。──《灵修版圣经注释》