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旧约 - 出埃及记(Exodus)第22章

"If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he must pay back five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.
"If a thief is caught breaking in and is struck so that he dies, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;
but if it happens after sunrise, he is guilty of bloodshed. "A thief must certainly make restitution, but if he has nothing, he must be sold to pay for his theft.
"If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession--whether ox or donkey or sheep--he must pay back double.
"If a man grazes his livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in another man's field, he must make restitution from the best of his own field or vineyard.
"If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.
"If a man gives his neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor's house, the thief, if he is caught, must pay back double.
But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges to determine whether he has laid his hands on the other man's property.
In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, 'This is mine,' both parties are to bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges declare guilty must pay back double to his neighbor.
"If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to his neighbor for safekeeping and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking,
the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath before the LORD that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person's property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required.
But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, he shall bring in the remains as evidence and he will not be required to pay for the torn animal.
"If a man borrows an animal from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, he must make restitution.
But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.
"If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price, and she shall be his wife.
If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins.
"Do not allow a sorceress to live.
"Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal must be put to death.
"Whoever sacrifices to any god other than the LORD must be destroyed.
"Do not mistreat an alien or oppress him, for you were aliens in Egypt.
"Do not take advantage of a widow or an orphan.
If you do and they cry out to me, I will certainly hear their cry.
My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.
"If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not be like a moneylender; charge him no interest.
If you take your neighbor's cloak as a pledge, return it to him by sunset,
because his cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep in? When he cries out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
"Do not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people.
"Do not hold back offerings from your granaries or your vats."You must give me the firstborn of your sons.
Do the same with your cattle and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth day.
"You are to be my holy people. So do not eat the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts; throw it to the dogs.
出埃及记第廿二章   第 22 章 

  出 22:1-15> 这里详细地列出各种案例,定有它的目的── 

  22:1-15 这些经文并不是关于偷窃律法的大全,乃是实行神律法的案例研究。神料到可能发生的种种情形,阐明祂的律法如何运用在以色列人的日常生活之中。这些案例有几个目的:( 1 )保护国家及其财产;( 2 )管理国家;( 3 )使全民一心一意仰望神。这里所列举的律法条例,虽未包罗所有可能发生的情况,却提出实例,使人易于判断哪些是神的法则和愿望。 

  出 22:3-17> 赔偿的律法体现了什么原则? 

  22:3-17 我们在本章看到许多赔偿的例子都是为要矫正过错。例如:偷别人牲畜的,他就要按市价加倍赔偿;如果你得罪了别人,就要多多赔偿或道歉,以示改过自新。这样行会( 1 )减轻你加给别人的痛苦;( 2 )使别人甘愿饶恕你;( 3 )使你在想重犯旧过以前,三思是否值得。 

  出 22:18> 你是否站在神忌邪的立场上,不再跟邪术有瓜葛? 

  22:18 行巫术之人须处死。神的律法为什么极力反对人行巫术呢(参利 19:31 ; 20:6 , 27 ;申 18:10-12 )?因为这是得罪神的罪。寻求邪灵帮助就是违背神的第一条诫命──“除了我以外,你不可拜别的神”。行巫术是对神与祂权威的叛逆,实际上就是与撒但同伙,而不是与神同行。 

  出 22:21> 对外来人当然要以基督的爱相待──停下来想想,你一向都有这样做吗? 

  22:21 神叫以色列人善待寄居的人,对他们要公平,要想想自己也曾在埃及作过寄居的。人远离故乡,来到一个生疏的环境,很难适应。在你所居住的社区中,有没有外地人、难民、新移民、学生等来到?你要理解他们挣扎图存的不易,要对他们心存慈爱慷慨,流露神的爱心。 

  出 22:22-27> 我对富人穷人是否一视同仁?我是怎样帮助贫穷者的……? 

  22:22-27 以色列人的律法,一向以善待穷人、关怀社会着称。神极力主张要善待贫穷无告之人,使他们可以得回仅有的衣物过夜。所以我们也应当帮助不幸的穷人,显明神对他们的眷顾。 

  出 22:26> 律法为什么作硬性规定,叫债主在日落之前,将作为抵押品的衣服归还给债户? 

  22:26 因为古时,衣服是人赖以生存的财产;人要花许多时间及精力,才能做成一件衣服。许多人仅有一件长袍,对他们来说非常贵重,晚上要用它来当被盖,又可当布袋装东西以便携带,摺起来又可以当座位,向人举债时还可作抵押品,当然最主要仍是用来穿。 

  出 22:29> 我拿到薪酬后第一笔支出是十一奉献吗? 

  22:29 在收获之后,应当尽快向神献上五谷新酒,初熟的庄稼应当献给神。神不会向人送到期付款的通知书,所以我们常因顾到其他的财务开支,而忽略了对祂的奉献。将神所赐的财物,先拿出一部分来献给祂,就表明祂在你生命中居首位。──《灵修版圣经注释》