圣经撒母耳记上第28章讲解|原文_撒母耳记上全文阅读

旧约 - 撒母耳记上（1 Samuel）第28章

And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me to battle, thou and thy men.

And David said to Achish, Surely thou shalt know what thy servant can do. And Achish said to David, Therefore will I make thee keeper of mine head for ever.

Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land.

And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa.

And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled.

And when Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.

Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at Endor.

And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me him up, whom I shall name unto thee.

And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die?

And Saul sware to her by the LORD, saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing.

Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel.

And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.

And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth.

And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself.

And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.

Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy?

And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David:

Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day.

Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines.

Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.

And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me.

Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way.

But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.

And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:

And she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that night.

撒母耳记上第廿八章　　第 28 章　

　　撒上 28:1-2> 在骑虎难下的窘境里，神是大卫随时的帮助，也是我的──　

　　28:1-2　亚吉的要求令大卫非常为难。如果不肯帮亚吉去攻打以色列人，就显出他对本国的忠诚，他全家与军队就有生命的危险；但是与他的骨肉之亲争战，就必伤害他所爱的、不久要由他领导的族人。虽然大卫自己无计可施，神却帮助并保护了他。非利士人的其他首领不愿意大卫上阵，结果他就不用与本族人争战了。　

　　撒上 28:3-8> 窘迫之中，连自己所禁的也犯了，多像我们，在指责人的同时自己也犯了──　

　　28:3-8　本来是扫罗禁止在以色列中有交鬼的（求问死人）和行巫术的事，但是他在窘迫之中，自己竟然前去求问。他虽然将交鬼的罪从国境内除去，却没有从他心里除掉。我们可能大声指摘别人犯罪，但是，如果我们的内心没有改变，罪就会卷土重来。知道什么对且谴责不对的，并不能取代你去做应当做的善事。　

　　撒上 28:5-7> 神无指示时，是否也是一种表态？此时我该做什么？　

　　28:5-7　扫罗见到非利士人的势力甚大就去求问女巫。在生活中遇到艰难阻碍时，我们应当按照神的引导并倚靠祂。从扫罗身上我们看到，不寻求神而另想别的方法求救，只会带来祸患。　

　　撒上 28:7-8> 我迷信邪术吗？为何我对此类罪不够警惕呢？神的旨意何处寻？　

　　28:7-8　神严格地禁止以色列人之中有占卜的、观兆的、用法术的、行邪术的、用迷术的、交鬼的、行巫术的、过阴的这一类的事（参申 18:9-14 ）。实际上，凡行邪术的人都要被处死（参出 22:18 ）。交鬼（行邪术）的乃是奉异教之神行事，凡求问他们的，神都不会答覆。　

　　交鬼的人是从撒但与污鬼得到情报。神并不将祂的旨意向他们显明，祂乃是藉着圣经，就是祂的话语、祂的儿子耶稣基督与圣灵向人显明。　

　　撒上 28:12> 撒母耳是否真的被交鬼的所招，从阴间上来？　

　　28:12　交鬼的一见到他，就高声呼叫；她对于通常所交的鬼，早已心知肚明，那些或者是她编出来的圈套，或是出于撒但。撒母耳的出现向她显明，此次所遇上的远超过她所认识的大权能。她并没有用诡计，或是靠撒但的力量招撒母耳上来，是神叫撒母耳回来，给扫罗一个警告，并预示他的悲惨命运。这件事绝不同于人交鬼，或与古代人的亡魂来往。神严厉禁止人行这一类的事（参加 5:19-21 ）。　

　　撒上 28:15> 在申诉神离开他的同时，扫罗也许忘了是自己先背叛神；在说听不到神话语时，我们是否也……　

　　28:15　神没有回答扫罗的请求，因为他没有依照神过去的指示去行。人有时不知道祷告为什么没有蒙垂听；如果他们没有尽上神早已赐给他们的责任，神不给他们进一步的指示也就不足为奇了。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记上注释　　2．预言扫罗的灭亡（二八）

　　二八1～2 大卫这时的处境艰难。非利士人准备与以色列人争战，王命令大卫加入他们的阵营。亚吉的要求令大卫非常为难。如果不肯帮亚吉去攻打以色列人，就显出他对本国的忠诚，他全家与军队就有生命的危险；但是与他的骨肉之亲争战，就必伤害他所爱的、不久要由他领导的族人。

　　大卫似乎答应了。可是他的说话（2节）却有两种意思：“仆人所能作的事，王必知道，也能扶助他。”或作：“仆人所能作骗你的事。王必知道。”亚吉选择第一个意思，并封大卫作护卫长。

　　二八3～8 敌军聚集在以色列北面的艾斯度论平原（哈米吉多顿谷）。非利士人……书念安营，而以色列……在基利波安营。扫罗求问耶和华，耶和华却不借梦、或乌陵、或先知回答他，于是他向交鬼的灵媒求助。他曾依照律法下令治死或驱逐以色列境内所有交鬼的。可惜他虽然将交鬼的罪从国境内除去，却没有从他心里除掉。

　　那时有交鬼的妇人住在附近的城镇隐多珥，于是扫罗改了装去见那妇人，借以求问死去的人。本来是扫罗禁止在以色列中有交鬼的（求问死人）和行巫术的事，但是他在窘迫之中，自己竟然前去求问。

　　二八9～10 那灵媒首先关心的是她个人的安全。她提醒她的访客，王曾下令剪除交鬼的和行巫术的。扫罗竟以耶和华的名起誓，答应保护他曾下令要杀灭的人。那为耶和华所不容的灵媒又怎可因这誓而得以保命呢？这真叫人费解。

　　二八11～14 解经家对这件事的记载有不同的看法，有些认为邪灵化为撒母耳的人形，但另有些认为神确实出人意外地干扰这次交鬼活动，让真正的撒母耳出现。后者较为可以接受，因为灵媒被撒母耳突然出现的形象吓坏了，撒母耳的出现向她显明，此次所遇上的远超过她所认识的大能。经文特别强调这是撒母耳；她并没有用诡计，或是靠撒但的力量招撒母耳上来，是神叫撒母耳回来，给扫罗一个警告，并预示他的悲惨命运。

　　二八15～19 扫罗向撒母耳解释，为何要搅扰他这死人。撒母耳的斥责必定今扫罗非常失望。难道他认为当神保持缄默时，撒母耳这位事奉神的人能帮助他吗？相反，撒母耳确证扫罗最深的忧虑；他的国必被夺去，赐与大卫，这早已告诉他了。非利士人将在明日打败以色列，扫罗和他的众子也会死去，与撒母耳在一处。不过这并不是说他们得到相同的永远结局。若我们以他们结下的果子作判断，扫罗是一个不信的人，约拿单却是一个有信心的人。

　　二八20～25 扫罗的所有罪都在当日归在他身上。他上路离开前吃了一顿饭，否则就无力了。他们宰了一只肥牛犊来煮食，并非用作祭物。就在那死寂的环境下，这被定罪的犯人在他离去前吃完最后的晚餐。

撒母耳记上

撒母耳记上第二十八章

28：1　亚吉王信任大卫，邀他一同出战，大卫也同意了；但非利士人其他的首领反对，亚吉只好叫他回去（29：9），大卫因此避免了与扫罗的军队手足相残。扫罗在此次战役中被杀（31章）。

28：3　神不许有交鬼的事，摩西律法明文禁止（出22：18；申18：10-11），因为以色列民有神指示，遵行祂的旨意，可事事亨通。

28：4　书念和基利波山都在北方以萨迦境内的耶斯列平原上。耶斯列为以色列历史上的著名战场。

28：6　乌陵、土明放在以弗得内，扫罗杀害祭司（22：11-22），大祭司亚比亚他带着以弗得逃奔大卫（23：6）。比较14：3。

28：7　隐多珥在书念（4节）东北约6公里。

28：8　扫罗初登王位时，遵行律法（利19：31；20：6-7；申18：10-12），禁绝交鬼的事（3，9节）；但神的灵离开后，他求问前途得不到回答，也无法借乌陵、土明寻求神旨，因大祭司和以弗得都去了大卫那里。途穷之际，他不择手段，希望藉交鬼之术，把撒母耳找来，助他寻求神旨。

交鬼一事有真有假，但都为神禁止（参代上10：13-14）。本段所记扫罗交鬼，最合理的解释是：妇人原希望见到一个假扮撒母耳的鬼魂（邪灵）上来和她说话（11节），但神却允许撒母耳出现，向扫罗宣告咒诅。这时女巫尚未作法，撒母耳已出来，因此她非常惊恐（12-13节），可见撒母耳的出现并非她的能力，而是神所行的一件例外的事，让撒母耳最后一次给扫罗警告（17-19节）。

圣经明说出现的是撒母耳本人（15-16，20节），撒但的使者（邪灵）是不能代表神传达如此明确的信息的（17节）。圣经没有说是那女巫“招”撒母耳上来，因此不可用此事来为交鬼找根据，认为活人可以和死人相交。交鬼的人所交的不是已死者的亡魂，而是“谎言的灵”（邪灵）的假冒（王上22：22）。

28：17　“藉我说的话”：见13：14；15：28。

28：18　“亚玛力人”的事见15章。

28：19　“必与我在一处”：必定死。