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新约 - 路加福音(Luke)第23章

And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.
And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.
And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.
Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.
And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.
When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean.
And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.
And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.
Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.
And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.
And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.
And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.
And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,
Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:
No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him.
I will therefore chastise him, and release him.
(For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)
And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:
(Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)
Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.
But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.
And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.
And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.
And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.
And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.
And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.
And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.
But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.
For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.
Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.
For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?
And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.
And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.
Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.
And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.
And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,
And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.
And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.
But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?
And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.
And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.
And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.
And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.
And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.
And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.
And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.
And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:
(The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.
This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.
And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.
And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.
And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.
And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.
路加福音第廿三章   第 23 章 

  路 23:1> 维持公义则前途尽毁,彼拉多就曾遇着了这头痛的事,你可遇过?你会怎办呢? 

  23:1 彼拉多是罗马政府驻犹大的巡抚,衙门设在耶路撒冷。他很喜欢捉弄犹太人,例如从圣殿的府库里拿钱来建筑沟渠,又把罗马皇帝的像带进城里,侮辱犹太人的宗教。不过他也知道这些行动会引起反效果。假如百姓对他的统治正式提出上诉,罗马方面可能会撤他的职。当犹太领袖带耶稣到他这里受审时,彼拉多开始觉察自己的地位不稳。是不顾自己的政治前途,继续跟犹太人纠缠,还是向他们的要求屈服,判一个他几乎可以肯定是无辜的人有罪呢?这正是彼拉多要面对的问题。(关于彼拉多的资料,请参可 15 章的人物介绍。) 

  路 23:7> 彼拉多把耶稣交给希律,希律怎么也在那里?…… 

  23:7 希律(又名希律安提帕)这个周末正在耶路撒冷过逾越节,施洗约翰就是他杀死的。彼拉多想把耶稣交给希律,因为他知道耶稣住在加利利,并在那里工作。但希律帮不了什么忙,他对耶稣充满好奇,并且喜欢捉弄祂。(关于希律安提帕的资料,请参可 6 章的人物介绍。) 

  路 23:13-25> 在群众的压力下,彼拉多知道惟有妥协才可了事;你可会如他一样,还是坚守立场? 

  23:13-25 彼拉多想释放耶稣,群众却大声反对,要求把祂杀掉,由此可见彼拉多的地位已经不稳固,他不想冒失去地位的危险,而容许动乱发生。身为一位职业政治家,他知道妥协的重要,他视耶稣为一个政治威胁多于一个拥有权利和尊严的人。权位愈高,愈难为正确的事站出来。如果彼拉多是一个真正有勇气的人,他便会不顾后果也要释放耶稣。但群众吼叫,彼拉多便屈服。当你面临困难的决定时,不要轻看群众压力的影响。要知道你的正确决定可能会遭社会拒绝,使事业发展受阻碍,遭公众嘲笑。面对相同的境况,你会作什么样的决定? 

  路 23:18-19> 你也许会奇怪,为什么群众会希望释放巴拉巴,其实有原因的…… 

  23:18-19 巴拉巴参与了反罗马政府的叛乱(参可 15:7 )。身为一位政治反抗者,毫无疑问,他在犹太人心目中是个英雄。巴拉巴被释放了,但他所犯的正是耶稣被指控的那罪( 23:14 )。 

  路 23:22> 在祂走上十字架的道路前,祂所受的,人又明了多少? 

  23:22 单是惩戒就有可能使耶稣死亡。鞭打犯人的步骤是脱去受刑者的上衣,把他双手绑在柱子上,然后用有三根刺的鞭子鞭笞。至于打多少下,要按着所犯的罪决定,根据犹太法律,最多打四十下。根据马太和马可的记载,耶稣受鞭打后,还遭受了其他的虐待:人们打祂耳光、吐唾沫在祂脸上、嘲笑祂,把荆棘冠冕戴在祂头上,用苇子打祂,钉十字架前还脱光祂的衣服。 

  路 23:23-24> 其实彼拉多也不是太差,他也有为耶稣求情,你说他把耶稣钉十字架也有私心?不会吧…… 

  23:23-24 彼拉多不想判耶稣死刑,他知道犹太领袖是出于忌妒,想除去一个对头。可是,当他们威胁要向凯撒告他时(参约 19:12 ),他便害怕起来。历史记录显示,罗马政府因彼拉多管辖地区的紧张局势已向他提出警告,只要在逾越节耶路撒冷有一场动乱发生便足以叫他下台。因此他把耶稣交给暴民,任由他们处置。 

  耶稣被带往受死 

  路 23:28-31> 耶稣要她们为自己哀哭,为什么?也许今天我们也该为自己哀哭…… 

  23:28-31 只有路加记载耶稣经过街道、被带往处决时,一些妇女为祂哀哭。耶稣叫她们不要为祂哀哭,却要为自己哀哭。祂知道大约四十年后,耶路撒冷和圣殿都要被罗马人毁灭。 

  路 23:32-33> 十字架上,主承痛苦;跟随基督的道路若是如此,你害怕吗?你仍会走下去吗? 

  23:32-33 当雅各和约翰求耶稣在祂的国中让他们坐在祂的左边和右边时,他们不知道自己求的是什么(参可 10:35-39 )。现在耶稣要藉着死亡来开始祂的国,在祂左右两边的是两个判死刑的罪犯。这表明耶稣是为所有人死的,正如耶稣向祂那两个渴求权力的门徒所解释的一样。你若想要就近耶稣,就必须准备受苦和舍命,正如耶稣所作的一样。往神国的道路就是十字架之路。 

  路 23:34> 耶稣临死时的祷告,为的是谁?可是为犹太人?为祭司?为你?为我? 

  23:34 耶稣求神赦免那些把祂置于死地的人──犹太领袖们、罗马的政客和军人、围观的人。神垂听了这祷告,甚至向杀害耶稣的凶手开了救恩的门。罗马的百夫长和兵丁看见耶稣钉十字架的情景,说:“这人真是神的儿子。”耶稣复活后有很多祭司悔改相信耶稣(参徒 6:7 )。我们全都是罪人,因此都在杀害耶稣上有分,这个“福音”就是神的恩典,祂藉着祂的儿子,赦免我们,并赐给我们新生命。 

  路 23:38> 那牌子所写的是什么,你是知道的,可你知道其中的意思? 

  23:38 一个君王在公众面前被脱光衣服受处决,表明他的国已永远失去。然而,耶稣却把世界的智慧颠倒过来,这其实恰是祂进入祂的国度。祂的死和复活给撒但的权势以致命的打击,并要在地上建立永久的权力。当时看到这个牌子的人当中,只有少数人明白其真正意义──祂真正是犹太人的王。 

  路 23:39-43> 我努力做好事,还说我不够?我不过不信耶稣而已;但那杀人犯只说了一句,他却…… 

  23:39-43 这个犯人快要死时,他转向基督求赦免,基督便接纳了他。这显示靠我们自己的德行不能救自己,但靠在基督里的信心任何人都能得救。耶稣在痛苦中,仍然向这个要相信祂的犯人施怜悯。一早便转向神的人,生命会更加有用,可以成就更多的事;最后一刻才悔改的人,也会与主同在乐园里。 

  路 23:42-43> 垂死的犯人与门徒,你看有什么不同?你可有他的信心? 

  23:42-43 这个垂死的犯人比耶稣的门徒更有信心。门徒虽然仍然爱耶稣,但是对王国的梦想破灭了。正如一个门徒在两天后伤心地说:“我们素来所盼望要赎以色列民的就是他。”( 24:21 )。相反,这个犯人望着这快要死的人说:“当你得国降临的时候,求你记念我!”他的信心多么令人敬佩啊!惟有他超越目前的羞辱,看到将来的荣耀。 

  路 23:44> 遍地黑暗,难道有大事发生? 

  23:44 从正午时分开始,遍地都被黑暗笼罩了大约三小时,天地都因神的儿子受死而悲哀。 

  路 23:45> 基督死时幔子落,其中意义你可知? 

  23:45 这个重要事件代表基督在十字架上的工作。圣殿分为三部分:外院,众人都可以在这里聚集;圣所,只有祭司才可进入;至圣所,只有大祭司每年可以进入一次,为百姓赎罪。至圣所摆放着约柜,表示神的同在。幔子是为了隔开至圣所,使人不可进入。基督死了,幔子裂为两半,表明神与人之间的阻隔清除了,现在,每个人都可以藉着基督直接地亲近神(参来 9:1-14 ; 10:19-22 )。 

  路 23:50-52> 一个犹太议员,公开要求耶稣的身体,难道他不怕死吗? 

  23:50-52 亚利马太人约瑟是犹太议会中一个富有和正直的议员,他也是耶稣的秘密门徒(参约 19:38 )。曾经公开跟随耶稣的门徒都逃走了,但约瑟却勇敢地站出来。他这样做可能要付上极大的代价,但他却关心耶稣,去求耶稣的身体,好把祂妥善地埋葬。 

  路 23:53> 23:53 这个坟墓可能是人手凿成的山洞,在耶路撒冷附近有许多这样的小山洞,大到足够让人走进去。在埋葬后,就用大石头封住洞口(参约 20:1 )。 

  路 23:55> 你看那些妇女是微不足道?你看自己也是如此?你知道耶稣如何看她们、看你? 

  23:55 这些加利利妇女跟着约瑟到坟墓那里,看见他如何安葬耶稣,所以她们在安息日之后带着香料香膏到那里去找耶稣的身体。这些妇女不能够为耶稣做大事,但她们做了自己所能做的。当大部分门徒都逃走时,她们留在十字架下,她们又预备好去膏主的身体。因为她们的忠心,便成为第一批知道主复活的人。──《灵修版圣经注释》