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旧约 - 以赛亚书(Isaiah)第7章

And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.
And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind.
Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shearjashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field;
And say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted for the two tails of these smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria, and of the son of Remaliah.
Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have taken evil counsel against thee, saying,
Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeal:
Thus saith the Lord GOD, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass.
For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people.
And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah's son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.
Moreover the LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying,
Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.
But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD.
And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also?
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good.
For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings.
The LORD shall bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy father's house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria.
And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.
And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and upon all bushes.
In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard.
And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a young cow, and two sheep;
And it shall come to pass, for the abundance of milk that they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land.
And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place shall be, where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silverlings, it shall even be for briers and thorns.
With arrows and with bows shall men come thither; because all the land shall become briers and thorns.
And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.
以赛亚书第七章   赛 7:1> 以色列也来攻打犹大?本是同根生,何以如此…… 

  7:1 公元前 734 年,北国以色列和亚兰国联合攻打犹大的耶路撒冷。犹大王亚哈斯害怕自己的统治到了尽头,也害怕那曾杀害和掳走许多人(参代下 28:5-21 )的敌军。但是,正像以赛亚预言的那样,犹大王国并没有到尽头。以马内利的兆头将是得解救的兆头。 

  赛 7:2> “大卫家”“以法莲”各有所指── 

  7:2 “大卫家”是指南部的犹大王国。“以法莲”是北部占主导地位的支族,指北国以色列。 

  7:3 “施亚雅述”的意思是“余民归回”。神给以赛亚的儿子起施亚雅述这个名字,是在提醒人们,神有怜悯,神对他们非常信实。 

  赛 7:3> “水沟头”指哪里? 

  7:3 “上池的水沟头”可能是位于耶路撒冷以东的基训泉。基训泉是耶路撒冷的主要水源,也是流入希西家的着名水道的水泉(参代下 32:30 )。漂布地是个有名的地方。人们在那里把衣服或新织的布放在太阳下晒干或漂白( 36:2 )。 

  赛 7:4-8:15> 神本来也要惩罚犹大,为何又保护他? 

  7:4-8:15 以赛亚预告了以色列同亚兰联盟的失败( 7:4-9 )。因为这个联盟,以色列将被毁灭。亚述成为神用来毁灭以色列( 7:8-25 )和惩罚犹大的工具,但神没有让亚述毁灭犹大( 8:1-15 )。他们得以存活是因为神的救恩计划不容人来破坏。 

  赛 7:8> 南国北国,各用其招,都想不被亚述灭掉…… 

  7:8 亚哈斯是犹大最差的国王之一。他不但拒绝神的帮助,而且还用圣殿中的金银去向亚述换取帮助(参王下 16:8 )。当亚述人来了后,他们带来的麻烦比给予的帮助还要多。以法莲(北国以色列的另一个名字)的首都撒马利亚,于公元前 722 年落入亚述军队的手中,北部的王国就此灭亡。 

  赛 7:12> 亚哈斯不求神的动机是否如他所言?我有没有类似的言行? 

  7:12 亚哈斯似乎显得很正义,说他不会用求兆头来试探神(“我不求,我不试探耶和华。”)。其实,是神告诉他去求的。只是亚哈斯并不真想知道神要说什么。我们通常也会用一些藉口,像什么不想打搅神啦,抽不出时间啦,来阻碍我们同神的交通。别让任何东西阻止我们听见和顺从神。 

  赛 7:14-16> 有童女怀孕生子,原来出自这里…… 

  7:14-16 “童女”是从希伯来文翻译过来的。希伯来文“童女”是指到了结婚的年龄而未婚、身体已经发育成熟了的女子(参创 24:43 ;出 2:8 ;诗 68:25 ;箴 30:19 ;歌 1:3 ; 6:8 )。有些人把这年青女子比作以赛亚的年轻妻子和新生儿( 8:1-4 ),这不太可信,因为她已经有了一个叫施亚雅述的孩子,而且她的第二个孩子也不叫以马内利。有些人认为以赛亚的结发妻子已经去世,所以这是他的第二位妻子。更有可能的是这个预言有双重的应验:( 1 )一位亚哈斯家中的年轻妇女没结婚,但就要结婚并生个儿子。三年过后(一年怀孕,二年孩子会说话)两个入侵之王就被毁灭了。( 2 )马太福音 1 章 23 节中引用了以赛亚书 7 章 14 节来说明这个预言的进一步实现。有个童女怀孕生子,人称为以马内利,也就是基督。 

  赛 7:18> 埃及、亚述都不甘示弱,犹大的命运如何? 

  7:18 苍蝇和蜂子是神的审判的象征(参出 23:28 )。埃及和亚述这一次并没有毁灭犹大。希西家继亚哈斯作王。他尊崇神,神因此收回了审判之手。在约西亚之前还有两个邪恶的国王。据说没有一个像约西亚那样全然归向神的国王(参王下 23:25 )。然而犹大的寿数,已被约西亚的父亲亚们这个邪恶透顶的国王给弄到了尽头。在约西亚执政期间,埃及征讨亚述。约西亚马上对埃及宣战,神告诉他不要这样做,但他还是做了。约西亚被杀后(参代下 35:20-27 ),只有软弱的国王在犹大执政了。埃及人三个月后掳走了约西亚的儿子约哈斯。接续的国王约雅敬被尼布甲尼撒王掳到了巴比伦。埃及和亚述给了犹大致命的一击。 

  赛 7:20> 认贼作父,犹大自招祸患── 

  7:20 犹大本来是雇请亚述来保护自己,却造成了自己的灭亡(参王下 16:7-8 )。给犹大“刮胡子”是羞辱他们的象征。民数记 6 章 9 节解释了一个人不洁之后,他要为主而隔离,并要剃头作为清洁过程的一部分。剃去体毛时要赤裸身体,这令人非常尴尬。而一个希伯来男人被剃去胡子是一种羞耻(参撒下 10:4-5 )。 

  赛 7:21-25> 流奶与蜜之地变成荒原……何故?