圣经历代记上第11章讲解|原文_历代记上全文阅读

旧约 - 历代记上（1 Chronicles）第11章

Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.

And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel.

Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel.

And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land.

And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David.

And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief.

And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David.

And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city.

So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was with him.

These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.

And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.

And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties.

He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.

And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance.

Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Bethlehem.

And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate!

And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD,

And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest.

And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.

Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three.

Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.

And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.

These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties.

Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard.

Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,

Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,

Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Antothite,

Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,

Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,

Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,

Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,

Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,

The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,

Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,

Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,

Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,

Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri,

Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,

Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,

Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,

Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,

Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite,

Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,

Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,

Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.

历代志上第十一章　　第 11 章　

　　代上 11:1,2> 撒下与代上都记载大卫作王的事，是否重复，作者要告诉我们什么？　

　　11:1,2　撒母耳记下详述大卫作王的事。历代志强调尽管大卫使用了许多人才，其中甚至有扫罗家族的人，但是使他作王的乃是神。神仍然掌管历史，使万事互相效力，以实现祂的旨意。历代志说明，不管人如何拦阻神的作为，祂仍然管理一切，在万事之中皆有祂的美意。　

　　代上 11:3-4> 大卫等候了这个日子多久？我等候神又有多久？　

　　11:3-4　大卫作犹大王七年半以后，才攻占耶路撒冷。他后来受膏作全以色列的王时，距离撒母耳昔日膏他作王已辗转过了二十年（参撒上 16:1-13 ）。我们应当等候神的应许，即使祂所预定的时间跟我们所期盼的不同，也不要心急。　

　　代上 11:4> 大卫为何要攻取耶路撒冷？　

　　11:4　大卫选择耶路撒冷作首都，是基于政治和军事上的考虑，这个城市位于全国的中心，又地处南北支派的边界上，是中立的缓冲地区。在此建都可以减少支派间的疑忌。耶路撒冷也位于高山山脊，易守难攻。（有关耶路撒冷的详细资料请参撒下 5:6 注释。）　

　　代上 11:9> 人人都为自己的名声努力，我呢？　

　　11:9　大卫日渐强盛，皆因恒心信靠神；扫罗日渐衰微，则是因他把一切荣耀归于自己，毫不依靠神（参撒上 15:17-26 ）。凡是一心想为自己扬名的，很容易失去渴望的美名。我们应当像大卫一样，追求公义诚实和圣洁的行为，成败得失，留得神亲自裁决。　

　　代上 11:12-14> 在属灵的争战中，我是像以利亚撒般勇敢，还是胆小害怕？　

　　11:12-14　以利亚撒的行动改变了战斗的进程。他周围的人皆在敌人面前奔逃，而他坚守阵地，耶和华也拯救了他。在奋斗争战之时，恐惧会使我们退却，不敢为神作见证，因而也享受不到神所赐的胜利果实。要勇敢地面对恐惧，全心信靠神并持定信仰，最后必然胜利。　

　　代上 11:15> 11:15　这三十个勇士是大卫军中最英勇、也是最高级的将领。　

　　代上 11:15-19> 他们冒这生命危险只为服事大卫，值得吗？　

　　11:15-19　三位勇士为了服事大卫，甘冒生命危险去伯利恒城门旁井里打水回来。大卫赏识他们，知道勇士们因对神虔敬得着启发向他忠诚，所以他将那水当作奠祭献给神，表示只有神才配接受这样的奉献。他们将这水献给大卫，他将这水转过来献给神。我们应当效法这三个将自己献给大卫的勇士，不求自己的好处来服事众圣徒（参罗 12:10 ）。我们服事人的时候，就是事奉神了。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

历代志上　　注释　

　　十一 1-3 新王的子　

　　民本段的资料来源，是塞缪尔记下五章 1 至 3 节，应验昔日的预言（创四十九 10 ），众民归顺从犹大支派出来的君王。作者称戴维是他子民的骨肉，是他们胜利的救主，是神所选立的，是与他们立约的人（ 3 节）；这里稍稍露出戴维那伟大的后裔──耶稣──的端倪。　

　　十一 4-9 新王的城　

　　耶路撒冷将是他宝座的所在。戴维对众民的统治，会带来赞美、和平和昌盛（比较诗一二二篇）。在历世历代中，神的统治正是这个意思（来十二 22 ）。即使在戴维的时代，这城也是他儿子建殿的地方（十七 12 ，二十二 1 ），后来以色列人要在这里敬拜，并以神的约柜为中心（十五 3-28 ）。但在此之前，万军之耶和华也要借着祂的元帅基督，在此治理祂的子民（ 9 节）。　

　　十一 10 至十二 22 新王的勇士　

　　这些名单在塞缪尔记中，放在较后的位置（二十三 8-39 ），但本书则把它们移前，好在开始时，就显出「全以色列」，怎样以各种不同的身分，聚集在一位贤君之前。像一至九章的名单，这里的名字可能是从不同时期的名单抄录过来的，为了更有效地说出作者的要点。　

　　在戴维的「勇士」中，最杰出的有 3 人（十一 11-14 ）；塞缪尔记下二十三章 8 至 12 节称他们为「三个勇士」，并详述其事迹（历代志中有些细节遗漏了；抄录的人必定是从「聚集要打仗」（ 12 节；撒下二十三 9 ）跳到「聚集成群」（ 13 节；撒下二十三 11 ）。跟着是 30 个勇士，其中 3 人做了件叫人难忘的事，而历代志作者也极其珍视这事件（十一 15-19 ）。这事迹发生在戴维政治生涯的早期（撒上二十二 1 ）。亚比筛和比拿雅显然是在上述的 3 个勇士之中（十一 20-25 ），而比拿雅的功绩尤其值得纪念。　

　　像一至九章那样，大部分的「勇士」对我们来说都只是一些名字（十一 26-47 ）。我们不知道他们跟 30 个勇士有何关系，而有几个名字是加在塞缪尔记下二十三章的名单之上的。矛盾的是，这些纯粹是名字的记载（除了偶尔加上一句话之外；十一 32 、 39 、 42 ），却使他们显得真实，因为他们各有不同特点。　

　　现在提到 4 组不同的勇士，在扫罗治下，即在戴维躲在洗革拉期间（撒上二十七 6 ），或在旷野的山寨里时（撒上二十三 14 ），与戴维联合成军。（请再留意「交错法」的编排：洗革拉 / 山寨 / 山寨 / 洗革拉；参二 42-55 之注释。）首先是一群便雅悯人（十二 1-7 ）：戴维要受到「全以色列」的欢呼，包括扫罗的支派。这些人来自扫罗的本族本城。虽然按着同族弟兄的本分，他们应站在扫罗那一方，也许他们除了因眼光锐利而知名外（十二 2 ；士二十 16 ），同时也有政治和属灵上的眼光，使他们支持戴维。迦得族勇士的最后两句评语（十二 8-15 ），可能指他们有「超过一百 / 一千人」，并且把住在平原的人赶走的并不是他们，而是涨溢的约但河；但在 14 和 15 两节经文中，新国际译本与历代志作者的意愿较一致──强调戴维支持者的勇猛。对于早期投奔戴维的便雅悯和犹大人（十二 16-18 ），戴维为了某些原因，对他们产生怀疑，也许他还记着多益出卖他（撒上二十一至二十二章）。然而神的灵感动亚玛撒，使他作出满有灵感的回应，这是给戴维最有力的确证（十二 18 ；像在士六 34 ；代下二十四 20 ），并且再次表明，神赐福祂所拣选的王，和那些帮助王的人。扫罗执政末年（撒上二十九至三十一章），有第四批勇士来归顺戴维（十二 19-22 ）。这些玛拿西人到了扫罗差不多肯定衰落时，才灵巧地决定投奔戴维，但他们仍是受欢迎的。　