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旧约 - 列王记上(1 Kings)第2章

Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,
I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;
And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:
That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.
Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.
Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.
But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother.
And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword.
Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.
So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.
And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.
Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.
And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably.
He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on.
And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the LORD.
And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on.
And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife.
And Bathsheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king.
Bathsheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand.
Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay.
And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.
And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.
Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.
Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day.
And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died.
And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the LORD God before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.
So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.
Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.
And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him.
And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me.
And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father.
And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.
Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD.
So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness.
And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.
And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither.
For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head.
And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days.
And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath.
And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath.
And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.
And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good.
Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?
The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head;
And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever.
So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.
列王纪上第二章   第 2 章 

  王上 2:3-4> 大卫遗训仍尊主为大,教导所罗门顺服神,这为我树立了什么榜样? 

  2:3-4 大卫晓谕所罗门,必须以神和律法作修身治国之本,国家才可一如神所应许的延续下去(参撒下 7 )。神使他国位坚立的应许有两部分,一部分是有条件的,随着君王的善恶而定;另一部分是无条件的。 

  神有条件的应许,乃是大卫和他的子孙要尊崇顺服祂,才不断地有人坐在王位上,大卫的后裔若非如此,就失去王位(参王下 25 )。而神无条件的应许,是叫大卫的后裔永远为王。这个应许藉着他的子孙,也是永生神的儿子耶稣基督降世为人,得以成全(参罗 1:3-4 )。大卫的一生是顺服神的榜样,他对下一 任 君王,就是他的儿子所罗门,也有合适的劝导。结果如何就全看所罗门是否遵循了。 

  王上 2:5-7> 善有善报,恶有恶报…… 

  2:5-7 约押是为了私利残酷击杀。他的勇力是他惟一的长处,战胜沙场是他惟一的心愿。他想攫取权力,紧握不放,而巴西莱却与他迥异。巴西莱代表所有忠于神、按照祂的律法生活的人。例如大卫要赐他尊荣,他就毫无私心地要求王将之赐给他的儿子。你作领导是服事自己,还是事奉神呢? 

  王上 2:5-9> 约押、示每犯了什么罪?大卫是报私仇吗? 

  2:5-9 大卫严肃地嘱咐所罗门对付仇敌,是为帮助年轻的君王建立坚固的王位。大卫仅仅是针对罪恶昭彰的仇敌──他们藉反对神所立之王来反对神。按照律法,大卫吩咐所罗门向他的仇敌施以应得的惩罚。示每咒诅君王,既违背民事法,又违背神的律法(参出 22:28 )。 

  王上 2:10> 大卫的生平功过── 

  2:10 大卫死的时候约七十岁(参撒下 5:4-5 )。参看撒上 17 章所附 " 大卫的生平 " 。 

  王上 2:15-22> 求妻?要权?亚多尼雅是真喜欢亚比煞吗? 

  2:15-22 这件事并非求偶那么简单,不过亚多尼雅希望拔示巴这样理解。亚比煞虽然是童女,但是已被纳入大卫的宫中。亚多尼雅想得亚比煞为妻,因为拥有宫庭之妃嫔,就等于宣称得到王位。当年押沙龙背叛大卫时曾干过这种事(参撒下 16:20-23 )。所罗门深知亚多尼雅的阴险用心。 

  王上 2:26-27> 所罗门这样处理亚比亚他,原是根据他过往所行的── 

  2:26-27 昔日扫罗王屠杀挪伯城祭司,亚比亚他是惟一脱险的青年(参撒下 22:11-23 )。后来大卫作王,他一直作大祭司,自始至终忠于大卫。在大卫死前,亚多尼雅意图篡位、自立为王时,亚比亚他却拥护亚多尼雅( 1:7 ),所以所罗门革去他的祭司职位,应验了撒母耳记上第 2 章 27 至 36 节关于以利的子孙不再有人当祭司的预言。 

  与亚多尼雅同谋悖逆者和继续忠于大卫者 

  王上 2:31> 约押流无辜人的血是出于什么罪性? 

  2:31 约押一生嫉贤妒能,千方百计想保住元帅的地位。大卫有两次想立别人代替他,都被他以奸诈的手法先发制人地将对手杀死,使他们不能接替元帅职位(参撒下 3:17-30 ; 19:13 ; 20:4-10 )。大卫未先把约押免职,致使两位将军枉死,也难辞其咎;不过,基于政治与军事的考虑,大卫没有公开处罚他,只咒诅约押和他的家族(参撒下 3:29 )。所罗门处罚约押,公布大卫与两位将军的死无关,除去大卫的罪嫌,将这罪全归于约押。 

  王上 2:35> 所罗门选用这二人的原因是…… 

  2:35 大祭司亚比亚他与元帅约押,都是大卫国中的重臣。他们与亚多尼雅同谋背叛所罗门,同被革职,王以撒督代替亚多尼雅,比拿雅代替约押。撒督是亚伦的后裔,在大卫作王的时候是杰出的祭司,大卫死后也忠于所罗门。大卫吩咐他料理神的约柜(参撒下 15:24 及以下各节)。他的后裔也管理圣殿,直到圣殿被毁。比拿雅以前是大卫的勇士之一(参撒下 23:20-23 ),也是护卫长。 

  王上 2:46> 从所罗门巩固王权的一系列措施上,可看出他是一个什么样的君王? 

  2:46 所罗门下令处决亚多尼雅、约押与示每,革除亚比亚他的祭司职位,并派新人接任。他以快刀斩乱麻的手法,巩固了王位。他履行公义,在国家安定方面做了整顿后,就推行和平政策。他在两方面显明是和平之君:他没有大举兴兵,又使内乱终止。──《灵修版圣经注释》