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新约 - 马可福音(Mark)第12章

And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.
And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.
And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.
And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.
And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.
Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.
But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be our's.
And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:
This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.
And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.
And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?
Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.
And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.
And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.
Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,
Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man's brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.
And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.
And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.
In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.
And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?
For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.
And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?
He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.
And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.
And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:
And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.
And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the son of David?
For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.
And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,
And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:
Which devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.
And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.
And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:
For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.
马可福音第十二章   第 12 章 

  可 12:1-12> 神用了以色列民,今天也可能会使用你,你准备好了没有? 

  12:1-12 神栽培以色列人,要藉他们把救恩带给世人。宗教领袖不但叫自己民族起不了应有的作用,反想杀害实行神计划的人。妒忌心和占有欲,使他们漠视神叫他们照顾人的需要、把人带到祂面前的使命。 

  可 12:1-12> 耶稣说这个比喻有何用意? 

  12:1-12 这个比喻中,栽种葡萄园的人是神,葡萄园是以色列人,园户是宗教领袖,仆人是信靠神的先知和祭司,儿子就是耶稣,别人指外邦人。耶稣说这故事,揭露了宗教领袖要杀祂的阴谋,并警告他们,神必惩治他们的罪。 

  可 12:10-11> 耶稣如何成为你生命的房角石? 

  12:10-11 耶稣说自己是匠人所弃的石头,虽然被犹太人拒绝,却会成为教会的房角石(参徒 4:11-12 )。房角石是建筑物的基础,用来确定建筑物其他石头都平整;同样,耶稣的生命和教诲就是教会的基础。 

  可 12:13> 平常水火不相容的两派人,竟走在一起,你道是为何? 

  12:13 法利赛派是一个关注礼仪洁净的宗教团体,希律党则是一个赞成希律与罗马妥协的犹太政治组织。这两党派平时水火不容,这时却共同陷害耶稣。 

  法利赛人因耶稣揭露了他们的伪善而讨厌祂。希律党人则认为耶稣威胁着他们:耶稣一旦在犹太引起更大的动荡,罗马政府接到骚乱的报告后,就会废黜希律的儿子亚基老,再也不准希律的后代继位,改由罗马巡抚来统治犹太;拥戴希律的他们就会失去政治权力了。 

  可 12:14> 这问题好难回答呀! 

  12:14 当时,无论谁逃税均要受重罚。交税表示向罗马政府屈服,而税款被用来支持压迫同胞,维持异教庙宇的运作和罗马上流社会的奢华生活,所以犹太人极讨厌向罗马政府纳税。法利赛人和希律党人想用缴税的难题来陷害耶稣,因为无论耶稣答“是”或“否”,都会使他陷入困境:答“是”,就表示祂支持罗马政府,必惹起群众的反感;答“否”,则可被指控谋反,背叛罗马,这样必被罗马处死。 

  可 12:15> 12:15 一个银钱是当时一个工人一天的薪水。 

  可 12:17> “神的物当归给神”──是哪些…… 

  12:17 法利赛人和希律党人以为这个陷阱天衣无缝,一定能置耶稣于死地,不过耶稣极具智慧的答案,又一次揭露他们的私心和恶毒的动机。耶稣说印有皇帝肖像的银币应该给皇帝,但我们具有神形像的生命就应该属于神。你是否把所有属于神的东西给神呢?你具有神的形像,把生命交给神吧! 

  可 12:18-23> 耶稣面对着一重又一重的挑战…… 

  12:18-23 法利赛人和希律党人用缴税的问题陷害耶稣失败后,撒都该人接着上来。他们曾用复活的问题令法利赛人无言以对,他们以为必定可以用这个问题难倒耶稣。撒都该人相信只有摩西五经是圣经。五经中没有直接提到死人复活,所以他们不相信死人会复活,也不相信人死后还有生命。耶稣将要指出摩西所写的经卷也包含了永生的概念( 12:26 )。 

  可 12:19> 这样,他们的关系挺复杂了…… 

  12:19 按照旧约律法,男人若没有儿子就死了,他的兄弟要娶他的遗孀,生孩子照顾她,也好为死者传宗接代。那兄弟的第一个男孩被算为死者的儿子(参申 25:5-6 )。 

  可 12:24> 我常担心将来的景况,若可预先知道就好了…… 

  12:24 人复活后的生命是我们不能明白或想像的(参赛 64:4 ;林前 2:9 ),我们不必因而产生恐惧。在新的国度里,我们将与祂在一起,所以我们要专注于目前与耶稣的关系,而非猜想将来神国度的情形。让我们现在学习去爱和信任基督,也就不会害怕将必发生的事了。 

  可 12:25-27> 看来复活后的生活跟今世的生活会有很大的差别…… 

  12:25-27 耶稣并不是说人在将临的国度中不认自己的配偶,祂只表示神国的新秩序并非今生的延续。在神国中,肉体和自然的规律都不再适用。 

  这儿,耶稣并非想要为天国里的婚姻定案,而是拒绝回答撒都该人的质问,以免跌入他们的陷阱中。耶稣回避无子立后之妇人的问题,而给他们对复活肯定的答案。 

  12:26-27 撒都该人所问的并非婚姻的问题,而是复活的问题。他们只相信摩西五经,耶稣就引用出埃及记 3 章 6 节来证实死后有生命。法利赛人与他们辩论这个问题时,忽略了这节经文。亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各死了许久后,神还提到他们,就如他们仍然在世一样。神与所有人立的约,在人死后仍然生效。 

  可 12:28> “诫命中哪条是第一要紧的呢?” 

  12:28 当时,犹太人已积累了 613 条规条。有些宗教领袖尝试把这些规条定出主次,有些则认为每一条都同样重要,分级别、等次是十分危险的。这位文士的问题可能会挑起派别间的争论,不过耶稣的答案把神所有的诫命概括起来。 

  可 12:29-31> 简单的诫命,简单的行动,你会如何行出来? 

  12:29-31 神的诫命不累赘,可以简化为两大原则:爱神、爱人。旧约也记载了这两个命令(参利 19:18 ;申 6:5 )。当你全心全意地爱神,又关心其他人好像关心自己一样,你就达到神设立十诫和律法的原意的要求了。耶稣以这两个原则总结了神所有的诫命。让这两个原则来引导你的思想、决定和行动。当你感到没有目标和方向时,想想什么行动最能表现你对神对人的爱。 

  可 12:32-34> 你对神的道,是止于领会还是能够实践出来? 

  12:32-34 神律法的精髓是:真正的顺服是发自内心的。旧约经常强调这点,这个文士也已领会到了。旧约所有的命令都指向基督,这文士下一步就要建立对耶稣的信心,然而,这也是最难的一步。 

  可 12:35-37> 大卫竟称自己的子孙为主?── 

  12:35-37 大卫看弥赛亚是他的子孙,也看祂是他的主(参诗 110:1 )。宗教领袖不明白弥赛亚不仅是大卫的子孙,是一个人,更是以人的样式出现的神。 

  可 12:38-40> 我也曾像文士那样,以事主侍人为名,以图利肥己为实? 

  12:38-40 耶稣再次揭露这些宗教领袖的不良动机。律法教师没有薪酬,只靠虔敬的犹太人款待。有些律法教师就利用这个习俗来剥削人和欺骗穷人,诈取他们的财物,又占富人的便宜。他们想透过敬虔的举动来攫取地位与尊崇。 

  可 12:38-40> 努力做好,是为了人的赞美? 

  12:38-40 耶稣告诫门徒不要试图为给人留下好印象而活。这些文士并不爱神,只是宗教伪善者。真正跟从基督的人不会卖弄灵性。如果读经、祈祷或行教会仪式是为了引人注意、得人尊敬,我们便是骗子。让行为与信仰一致,即使没有人注意,也要为基督而活。 

  可 12:40> 文士没有履行神给他们的责任而要受更重的刑罚,我还可以独善其身吗? 

  12:40 这些文士所受的刑罚会特别重。因为他们身为教师,负有建立百姓对神的信心的重任,却把琐碎的规条强加在百姓的身上。他们本要引导人归向真理,但贪婪的私心驱使他们欺压、误导百姓。 

  可 12:41> 圣殿里的奉献箱── 

  12:41 圣殿中有几个奉献箱。有的是收取犹太男丁的圣殿税,有的是收集自由奉献。这些奉献箱可能是放在妇女院内。 

  可 12:41-44> “我奉献,我奉献,因为我爱耶稣”──你奉献是例行公事,还是出于爱? 

  12:41-44 虽然这个穷寡妇奉献得最少,但是在耶稣眼中,她所献的比任何人都多。奉献的价值并不在乎奉献的数量,而是在乎奉献的心态。勉强去奉献,或是为了名声去奉献,奉献便失去其意义了。要紧记不管礼物是多么微不足道,只要是出于感谢和慷慨之心的奉献,神都悦纳。──《灵修版圣经注释》