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旧约 - 出埃及记(Exodus)第12章

And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying,
This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.
Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:
And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.
Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:
And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.
And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof.
And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.
And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover.
For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.
And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt.
And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.
And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.
And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.
Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.
And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.
For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.
And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.
And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.
And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?
That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.
And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.
Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.
And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.
And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:
And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.
And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.
Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.
It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.
And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:
But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.
A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.
In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.
All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.
Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.
出埃及记第十二章   第 12 章 

  出 12:1-3> 神亲自为子民定立节日── 

  12:1-3 以色列人的好些节期都是神亲自订立的。逾越节就是其中之一,是要纪念以色列人得蒙拯救,离开埃及;好使百姓不忘记神为他们所做的大事。在今天,宗教节日也有深远意义,使我们年年都想起神为我们所做的大事。某些节日在家族之中沿袭,成为传统,富有宗教意义。节日使老一代不忘过去,使年轻人追思效法。 

  出 12:3> 宰羊羔有什么意义? 

  12:3 以色列人的长子得免被杀,是因为他们宰了没有残缺的羊羔,把血涂在各家的门框和横楣上。这表示以色列人流无辜的羔羊之血;羔羊是祭牲,它代替了在灾祸之中应当被杀的以色列人长子。他们从此深知,得免死亡是由于有无辜的生命代他们牺牲的缘故。 

  出 12:6-11> 逾越节原来是── 

  12:6-11 逾越节是每年一次的节期,纪念耶和华的灭命天使“越过”以色列人家的那一夜。那天他们遵照神的指示,把羊羔的血涂在自家的门框和门楣上。门上没有涂血的家庭,其长子当夜均被杀。以色列人必须宰杀羊羔,好用它的血保护自己(预表主基督是神的羔羊,祂的宝血为世人的罪而流出)。以色列人又在家中吃羔羊的肉、苦菜和无酵饼。苦菜表示受奴役之苦;无酵饼可以很快烤成,因为不用等面团发起来,这样他们就可以随时离开埃及。 

  出 12:11> “腰束带、脚穿鞋、手拿杖、赶紧地吃”,为什么这么急? 

  12:11 吃逾越节筵席、穿好衣服、预备行路,是以色列人信心的表现。他们虽然未得释放,但已经作好准备,因为神说要领他们出埃及,他们整装待发,就是信心的行动。我们也当预备自己,好经历神成就其应许的,不管情势看来多么不顺利,总要保持信心。 

  出 12:17-23> 在苦难中,你想过逾越节的拯救和耶稣的十字架吗?从中…… 

  12:17-23 以色列人每年一次过逾越节,纪念蒙神引领出埃及。他们每年都要庄严隆重地纪念这一个晚上,追想神的灭命天使如何越过他们的家。他们感谢神拯救免死,领他们离开奴役与罪恶之地。现代的基督徒也体验到得救的日子──神救我们脱离灵性的死亡,挣脱奴役的日子。主的晚餐(“圣餐”)就是我们的逾越节,纪念我们脱离罪恶,得享新生命,也纪念主耶稣的受苦和为我们而死。你遇到试炼时,要回想神过去怎样拯救你,并仰望祂赐你新生命的应许。 

  希伯来历法 

  出 12:29-30> 神救赎以色列人出埃及与主耶稣救赎我们之间有重大关系── 

  12:29-30 埃及每一家的长子都被杀了,但是以色列人因为将羔羊之血涂在门上,得免大祸。这是神救赎的开始,也是圣经教义的核心。 

  “救赎”之意就是“买回”,或是“付出赎金将被掳的赎回”。买回奴仆的方法,是以一个相类似或更好的奴仆来交换。神用来买赎我们的方法,是以祂的儿子主耶稣来换取我们。 

  在旧约时代,神悦纳人预表式的献祭。在主耶稣被钉十字架牺牲以前,神悦纳牲畜代替罪人受死,赎回人的生命。耶稣来了以后,以自己无罪的生命代替我们犯罪的生命,担当了人因罪所当受的刑罚。祂救赎我们脱离罪的权势,使我们与神和好。因着祂的牺牲,就不再需要以牲畜来献祭了。 

  我们要认识到,想脱离犯罪的恶果,必须付出极大的代价。不过我们无需再付了,因为耶稣基督死在十字架上,已经救赎了我们,替我们付出赎价,人只要信靠祂,就能领受祂所赐的永生。祂既然付清了人的罪债,就洁净了我们的心,使人与神和好了(参多 2:14 ;来 9:13-15 , 23-26 )。 

  出 12:34> 以色列人带的东西合乎征战和日后的需要吗? 

  12:34 抟面盆是用木头、铜或陶器所做的,用来抟面的大盆。做饼是用面粉和水,加上前一天所留下的一小团面酵搅拌,待全团面都发起来后烘烤而成。饼既然是以色列人的主要食物,所以离开埃及时必须把抟面盆扛在肩上带走。 

  出 12:37-38> 不是以色列人出埃及吗?这闲杂人是指── 

  12:37-38 离开埃及的以色列人,总数估计约在二百万以上。“许多闲杂人”可能指埃及人,也可能是那些被神大能的作为所吸引,决定与以色列人一同离开埃及的外族人。──《灵修版圣经注释》