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旧约 - 列王记上(1 Kings)第12章

And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.
And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;)
That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying,
Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.
And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again to me. And the people departed.
And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people?
And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever.
But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and which stood before him:
And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?
And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins.
And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.
So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day.
And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that they gave him;
And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.
Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat.
So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents.
But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.
Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.
And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.
And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.
But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying,
Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying,
Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the LORD.
Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel.
And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David:
If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah.
Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan.
And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.
And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.
And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.
So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.
列王纪上第十二章   第 12 章 

  王上 12:1> 罗波安为何往示剑? 

  12:1 罗波安在耶路撒冷以北约五十六公里的示剑被立为王。以色列人通常会在首都耶路撒冷膏立新王,但是罗波安与耶罗波安之间产生纠纷,所以他到北方去,想与那里的支派保持良好关系。他选择去示剑的原因,可能因为那是古时立约之处(参书 24:1 )。国家分裂以后,示剑暂时成为北国的首都( 12:25 )。 

  以色列的国度分裂 

  王上 12:6-14> 听人的意见,应怎样衡量它是否正确? 

  12:6-14 罗波安虽然请臣仆献策,但并未虚心听从。假使他深思熟虑的话,必定会看出长者的劝告比他同辈的建议智慧得多。衡量别人的劝告,要看它是否切实可行;再看采纳后的结果是否公平,是否令情况有积极的改善。要寻求有经验、有智慧的人的谋略。但无论如何,只有符合神的标准的建议才有益处。 

  以色列各支派间的嫉妒 

  王上 12:15-19> 耶罗波安、罗波安是怎样的王? 

  12:15-19 耶罗波安与罗波安都只求自己的益处,完全不顾人民的利益。罗波安十分严厉,不听百姓的声音;耶罗波安建立新的拜偶像之地,使人民不再去京城耶路撒冷敬拜神。他们二人都自讨苦吃,罗波安的行动使国家分裂,耶罗波安则使人民偏离神。好的领袖都是先为信任他们的群众谋求福祉,再求自己的好处,若所作的抉择单单为自己,必然祸及己身,结果必定事与愿违。 

  王上 12:20> 以色列是何时分裂的?之前有征兆吗? 

  12:20 这事标志以色列国家分裂的开始,之后好几百年未能统一。十个支派拥护耶罗波安,称自己的新国家为以色列(即北国);其余的两个支派忠于罗波安,称为犹大(即南国),不过他们并不是在一夜之间就分裂的。早在士师时代,因为支派之间的嫉妒,尤其是北方最有影响力的以法莲与南方的主要支派犹大之间的对立,已显出分裂的征兆。 

  在扫罗与大卫以前,以色列人的宗教中心大部分是在以法莲境内,所罗门建造圣殿的时候,将以色列的宗教中心迁往犹大的耶路撒冷,终于使支派之间的争竞达到分裂的程度(关于以色列各支派间的疑忌及其影响,请参看士 12:1-15 ;撒下 2:4-32 ; 19:41-43 )。 

  王上 12:28> 有些建议,看似实用,却诱人离开神,有时我也有点迷惑…… 

  12:28 神吩咐所有的以色列男丁,要一年三次上耶路撒冷的圣殿守节(参申 16:16 ),但是耶罗波安设立自己的敬拜中心,并且告诉百姓说,长途跋涉地去耶路撒冷太不方便,就在这里敬拜好了。顺从他的人就是不顺从神。有些建议看来很实用,却可能引诱你偏离神。不要听信别人的花言巧语,说道德行为无关紧要,使你不做该做的事。不管是要你付上时间、精力、名誉或是财富资源,你都应当去做神要你做的事。 

  王上 12:28-29> 现实生活中拜偶像比亲近神更容易,为什么? 

  12:28-29 古人以牛犊作偶像,是丰收与力量的象征。迦南人的神明常常被描绘成站在牛犊或母牛身上。耶罗波安精巧地将两只金牛犊放在两个要冲之地──伯特利和但,伯特利在距耶路撒冷以北十六公里的主要通道上。他引诱人民到那里就止步,不用再南下到耶路撒冷去。但在以色列国的最北部,所以住在离耶路撒冷很远的北方之民,为求方便就会被吸引到那里。耶罗波安作为北国的领袖,只想建立自己的敬拜中心,耽心他的人民经常去耶路撒冷,会有损他的权威。这种以假乱真的宗教崇拜使人民很快就远离真正的信仰。 

  王上 12:30> 在犯罪的事上,我是否也不时忘记教训而重蹈覆辙呢? 

  12:30 耶罗波安与策士们没有从以色列人拜金牛犊的悲惨历史中汲取教训(参出 32 )。他们也许不知道圣经的记载,或者根本是明知故犯。查考圣经,就会使你留意神在过去的审判,从历史中得到教训;以史为鉴,就不会重蹈前人的覆辙(参赛 42:23 ;林前 10:11 )。 

  王上 12:32-33> 耶罗波安妄为更改神的律例,预示什么结果?我有此行为吗? 

  12:32-33 在以色列人先祖时代,伯特利是象征他们对神献身的地方,雅各就在那里再一次把自己献给神(参创 28:16-22 ),耶罗波安却把它变为以色列的宗教中心,想与耶路撒冷抗衡。不过伯特利的宗教以拜偶像为中心,终于使以色列走向灭亡。伯特利以后成为邪恶和偶像之城邑。何西阿与阿摩司先知看到伯特利的罪,就谴责这城,因为他们过着远离神的生活(参何 4:15-17 ; 10:8 ;摩 5:4-6 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》