圣经撒母耳记下第20章讲解|原文_撒母耳记下全文阅读

旧约 - 撒母耳记下（2 Samuel）第20章

Now a troublemaker named Sheba son of Bicri, a Benjamite, happened to be there. He sounded the trumpet and shouted, "We have no share in David, no part in Jesse's son! Every man to his tent, O Israel!"

So all the men of Israel deserted David to follow Sheba son of Bicri. But the men of Judah stayed by their king all the way from the Jordan to Jerusalem.

When David returned to his palace in Jerusalem, he took the ten concubines he had left to take care of the palace and put them in a house under guard. He provided for them, but did not lie with them. They were kept in confinement till the day of their death, living as widows.

Then the king said to Amasa, "Summon the men of Judah to come to me within three days, and be here yourself."

But when Amasa went to summon Judah, he took longer than the time the king had set for him.

David said to Abishai, "Now Sheba son of Bicri will do us more harm than Absalom did. Take your master's men and pursue him, or he will find fortified cities and escape from us."

So Joab's men and the Kerethites and Pelethites and all the mighty warriors went out under the command of Abishai. They marched out from Jerusalem to pursue Sheba son of Bicri.

While they were at the great rock in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was wearing his military tunic, and strapped over it at his waist was a belt with a dagger in its sheath. As he stepped forward, it dropped out of its sheath.

Joab said to Amasa, "How are you, my brother?" Then Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.

Amasa was not on his guard against the dagger in Joab's hand, and Joab plunged it into his belly, and his intestines spilled out on the ground. Without being stabbed again, Amasa died. Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bicri.

One of Joab's men stood beside Amasa and said, "Whoever favors Joab, and whoever is for David, let him follow Joab!"

Amasa lay wallowing in his blood in the middle of the road, and the man saw that all the troops came to a halt there. When he realized that everyone who came up to Amasa stopped, he dragged him from the road into a field and threw a garment over him.

After Amasa had been removed from the road, all the men went on with Joab to pursue Sheba son of Bicri.

Sheba passed through all the tribes of Israel to Abel Beth Maacah and through the entire region of the Berites, who gathered together and followed him.

All the troops with Joab came and besieged Sheba in Abel Beth Maacah. They built a siege ramp up to the city, and it stood against the outer fortifications. While they were battering the wall to bring it down,

a wise woman called from the city, "Listen! Listen! Tell Joab to come here so I can speak to him."

He went toward her, and she asked, "Are you Joab?" "I am," he answered. She said, "Listen to what your servant has to say." "I'm listening," he said.

She continued, "Long ago they used to say, 'Get your answer at Abel,' and that settled it.

We are the peaceful and faithful in Israel. You are trying to destroy a city that is a mother in Israel. Why do you want to swallow up the LORD'S inheritance?"

"Far be it from me!" Joab replied, "Far be it from me to swallow up or destroy!

That is not the case. A man named Sheba son of Bicri, from the hill country of Ephraim, has lifted up his hand against the king, against David. Hand over this one man, and I'll withdraw from the city." The woman said to Joab, "His head will be thrown to you from the wall."

Then the woman went to all the people with her wise advice, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bicri and threw it to Joab. So he sounded the trumpet, and his men dispersed from the city, each returning to his home. And Joab went back to the king in Jerusalem.

Joab was over Israel's entire army; Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites and Pelethites;

Adoniram was in charge of forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder;

Sheva was secretary; Zadok and Abiathar were priests;

and Ira the Jairite was David's priest.

撒母耳记下第二十章　　第 20 章　

　　示巴的背叛　

　　撒下 20:1> 人与人之间的疑忌，往往损害的不单是自己，还殃及四周的人……　

　　20:1　以色列虽然是统一的国家，却由十二个支派各自为政。这些支派对国家整体的目标，常难达成一致。支派之间的嫉妒，从起初就使他们无法完全征服应许之地（参看约书亚记），现在因为示巴有背叛的行为，支派之间的疑忌又威胁到大卫王朝的安定。　

　　撒下 20:7-10> 为什么屡次犯罪的人仍可逃过审判？难道公义的神不再理会吗？　

　　20:7-10　约押的杀人罪又被轻易带过，正如他上次杀死押尼珥一样（ 3:26-27 ），但是他到最后终于受到公义制裁（参王上 2:28-35 ）。表面上奸诈似乎未受刑罚，但是神的公义并不限于今生的报应。即使约押能够白头下阴间，他仍要面对神审判的日子。　

　　撒下 20:16-22> 智慧的言语，可成为拯救众人的利器，我有善用口才，传递神的祝福与拯救吗？　

　　20:16-22　约押的军队正在围攻示巴所住之城，看起来这城似乎要被摧毁。按当时的习俗来说，妇女在公开场合要保持缄默，但是这个妇人却敢与元帅约押对话。她不是用武器，而是以智慧的言语、果断的行动，阻止约押的攻击。勇敢地讲出几句打动人的话，常常能止住大灾难。　

　　撒下 20:23> 比拿雅有何功绩？　

　　20:23　比拿雅是大卫的卫队队长，列入“三十个勇士”之中（ 23:24 ），是享有殊荣的一位。在押沙龙背叛的时候，他一直忠于大卫，后来协助立所罗门为王（参王上 1:32-40 ； 2:28-34 ），终于代替约押，作了以色列军队的元帅 ( 参王上 2:35) 。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记下注释　　九. 示巴的叛变和死亡（二Ｏ）

　　二Ｏ1～2 便雅悯人示巴（可能是扫罗的亲属）是个可恶的匪徒，他拿着犹大支派的话柄（一九42），作为叛乱的根据。犹大人曾经声称大卫是属他们的，示巴现在挑衅地宣告，十个支派与大卫无分。他们要脱离大卫。只有犹大支派紧紧的跟随大卫。但后来发生的事情显示，跟随示巴的人只占相对的少数。第2节的“每一个以色列人”（和合本省去“每一个”）必须从狭义来理解，只包括十个支派中的异见人士。

　　二Ｏ3 回到耶路撒冷之后，大卫王找到他留下看守宫殿的十个妃嫔，她们都曾经被押沙龙玷辱。大卫安排她们终身禁闭在冷宫，如同寡妇。

　　二Ｏ4～7 到这时，约押已被降职，而押沙龙的叛军元帅亚玛撒正掌管大卫的军队。王吩咐亚玛撒，在三日之内将犹大的军兵招聚来，去追拿叛军领袖示巴。无法解释原因，亚马撒未能在指定日期内完成任务，于是大卫便吩咐亚比筛去执行命令，带领着拣选的人马出去阻止示巴取得坚固城。约押也与亚比筛的人马一同出去。

　　二Ｏ8～10上当他们到达基遍的一个大磐石标志。亚马撒来迎接他们。约押穿着战衣，上前去迎接亚玛撒，鞘内的刀却掉了出来，看来他是故意这样做。他拾起刀来，走向他毫无防备的表兄弟。约押大表友善，抓住亚玛撒的胡子，好象要与他亲嘴，然后一刀把他杀死了。

　　二Ｏ10下～13 当约押和……亚比筛开始追赶示巴时，跟随他们的人看见亚玛撒的尸首在道路上辊在自己的血里，就站着不动。直到亚玛撒的尸首被移走，约押的人才跟随他去。约押的杀人罪又被轻易带过，正如他上次杀死押尼珥一样。

　　二Ｏ14～22 大卫的人马追捕示巴至极北的地方，去到伯玛迦的亚比拉城，这城位于米伦水的北边，城里居民以聪明着名。约押围城进攻，一个聪明的妇人从城上呼叫他，问他为什么要毁坏一个向来以智慧着名、以色列中的大城（即一个重要的城）。约押解释，他只不过要追捕叛乱者示巴，示巴正藏身城内。那个妇人答应把示巴杀死，并把他的首级从城墙上丢给约押，以证明示巴已死。事情一办妥，约押的任务也完成，他就吹角，众人就离城而散，各归各家；约押回耶路撒冷到王那里。示巴的叛乱大概持续一个星期而已。

　　二Ｏ23～26 大卫曾经把约押降职，先后委任亚玛撒（一九13）和亚比筛（二Ｏ6）代替他，但约押又重夺他作大元帅的位置。

　　本段记载大卫王的重要官员名单。大体上与第八章15至18节所记相同。约押带领全军，比拿雅统辖大卫的护卫军，约沙法作史官，示法作书记，而撒督和亚比亚他仍然作祭司。不同的是，亚多兰掌管服苦役的人，睚珥人以拉作大卫的宰相（英文原文作：亚多兰掌管税收，以拉作大卫的祭司）。