圣经创世记第41章讲解|原文_创世记全文阅读

旧约 - 创世记（Genesis）第41章

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When two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a dream: He was standing by the Nile,

when out of the river there came up seven cows, sleek and fat, and they grazed among the reeds.

After them, seven other cows, ugly and gaunt, came up out of the Nile and stood beside those on the riverbank.

And the cows that were ugly and gaunt ate up the seven sleek, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.

He fell asleep again and had a second dream: Seven heads of grain, healthy and good, were growing on a single stalk.

After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted--thin and scorched by the east wind.

The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy, full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up; it had been a dream.

In the morning his mind was troubled, so he sent for all the magicians and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.

Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, "Today I am reminded of my shortcomings.

Pharaoh was once angry with his servants, and he imprisoned me and the chief baker in the house of the captain of the guard.

Each of us had a dream the same night, and each dream had a meaning of its own.

Now a young Hebrew was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams, and he interpreted them for us, giving each man the interpretation of his dream.

And things turned out exactly as he interpreted them to us: I was restored to my position, and the other man was hanged."

So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he was quickly brought from the dungeon. When he had shaved and changed his clothes, he came before Pharaoh.

Pharaoh said to Joseph, "I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it."

"I cannot do it," Joseph replied to Pharaoh, "but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires."

Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, "In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile,

when out of the river there came up seven cows, fat and sleek, and they grazed among the reeds.

After them, seven other cows came up--scrawny and very ugly and lean. I had never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt.

The lean, ugly cows ate up the seven fat cows that came up first.

But even after they ate them, no one could tell that they had done so; they looked just as ugly as before. Then I woke up.

"In my dreams I also saw seven heads of grain, full and good, growing on a single stalk.

After them, seven other heads sprouted--withered and thin and scorched by the east wind.

The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads. I told this to the magicians, but none could explain it to me."

Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, "The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do.

The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good heads of grain are seven years; it is one and the same dream.

The seven lean, ugly cows that came up afterward are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind: They are seven years of famine.

"It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do.

Seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the land of Egypt,

but seven years of famine will follow them. Then all the abundance in Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will ravage the land.

The abundance in the land will not be remembered, because the famine that follows it will be so severe.

The reason the dream was given to Pharaoh in two forms is that the matter has been firmly decided by God, and God will do it soon.

"And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man and put him in charge of the land of Egypt.

Let Pharaoh appoint commissioners over the land to take a fifth of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.

They should collect all the food of these good years that are coming and store up the grain under the authority of Pharaoh, to be kept in the cities for food.

This food should be held in reserve for the country, to be used during the seven years of famine that will come upon Egypt, so that the country may not be ruined by the famine."

The plan seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his officials.

So Pharaoh asked them, "Can we find anyone like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God?"

Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, "Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you.

You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you."

So Pharaoh said to Joseph, "I hereby put you in charge of the whole land of Egypt."

Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his finger and put it on Joseph's finger. He dressed him in robes of fine linen and put a gold chain around his neck.

He had him ride in a chariot as his second-in-command, and men shouted before him, "Make way!" Thus he put him in charge of the whole land of Egypt.

Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, "I am Pharaoh, but without your word no one will lift hand or foot in all Egypt."

Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, to be his wife. And Joseph went throughout the land of Egypt.

Joseph was thirty years old when he entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from Pharaoh's presence and traveled throughout Egypt.

During the seven years of abundance the land produced plentifully.

Joseph collected all the food produced in those seven years of abundance in Egypt and stored it in the cities. In each city he put the food grown in the fields surrounding it.

Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain, like the sand of the sea; it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure.

Before the years of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.

Joseph named his firstborn Manasseh and said, "It is because God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father's household."

The second son he named Ephraim and said, "It is because God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering."

The seven years of abundance in Egypt came to an end,

and the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land of Egypt there was food.

When all Egypt began to feel the famine, the people cried to Pharaoh for food. Then Pharaoh told all the Egyptians, "Go to Joseph and do what he tells you."

When the famine had spread over the whole country, Joseph opened the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe throughout Egypt.

And all the countries came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because the famine was severe in all the world.

创世记第四十一章　　第 41 章　

　　梦　

　　创 41:8> 不是能力，不是才华，是神的启示让我知道……　

　　41:8　术士和博士在古代王宫里十分普遍。他们的工作包括研究宗教与科学，观看星象、解梦、预测未来和行法术等等。他们充满能力（参出 7:11-12 ），但他们的能力是来自魔鬼的，并不能解法老之梦；而神已向狱中的约瑟启示其中的奥秘。　

　　创 41:14> 仓促被提出监狱，约瑟不惊不慌，原因只一个……　

　　41:14　在没有预料的情况下机会来到，约瑟仓促地从狱中被提出来，带到法老面前。他有时间预备吗？事先并没有任何通知，但是约瑟对一切事皆胸有成竹，因为他与神有密切的交往。这并不是约瑟本身有解梦的本领，能帮别人圆梦，而是由于他认识神，所以得知奥秘之事。我们也要更多地认识神，才能迎接一切机会的来临。　

　　创 41:16> 当将荣耀归给神的时候，我会否过分缄默？　

　　41:16　约瑟坦诚地将荣耀归于神。我们也应当谨慎，不要将荣耀归于自己，因为这样做等于偷窃神的荣耀。当将荣耀归给神的时候，我们不要缄默。　

　　创 41:28-36> 谨慎处事的态度，能成就神的心意与计划。我是否也以这种态度事奉神？　

　　41:28-36　约瑟替法老解梦，然后向他提出一个计划，使埃及人在接下来的十四年中可以存活。防止饥荒的惟一方法就是积谷防饥，精心部署。若没有防饥的计划，埃及遍地就会毁于饥荒之中。许多人以为详细的计划既累赘又多余，其实这是人的责任，并不是可有可无的事。约瑟能将神对埃及的计划变为实际的行动，从而拯救了全国。我们也要把神对我们的计划化成实际的行动。　

　　创 41:38> 人从约瑟身上能看到神的灵！从我的身上呢？　

　　41:38 法老看出有神的灵在约瑟里头。我们虽然未必会为君王解梦，但是认识我们的人应当从我们的言行中，看见神在我们里面。你的亲友、同事、邻居看出有神的灵在你里头吗？　

　　创 41:39-40> 每一个际遇，都是神训练自己的机会。在此刻我最需要学习的是什么？　

　　41:39-40 约瑟平步青云，从囚犯晋升到王宫大臣。神训练他担任这个重要的职位，包括要他先作奴隶，后又成为囚犯；在每一个环境中，他都学会服事神和服事人。不管我们的处境怎样不济，我们都可以把它看为训练自己服事神的计划之一。　

　　创 41:45> 面对异地文化的同化，我会如何持守自己的信仰？　

　　41:45 法老给约瑟一个埃及名字，也给他一位埃及妻子，可能想把他融入埃及社会中，使埃及人不去计较约瑟出身于游牧民族──埃及人所不喜欢的行业；又可使埃及人更容易念和容易记得约瑟的名字。将埃及一位重要官员的女儿给约瑟为妻，更表示他受到极高的尊重。　

　　创 41:46> 际遇坎坷的约瑟，对我的人生有何激励？　

　　41:46 约瑟作埃及宰相的时候年三十岁，他十七岁被卖到埃及为奴，推算起来，他在埃及作了十一年奴隶、两年囚犯。　

　　创 41:54> 智慧若用在神的心意中，会带来祝福。我的智慧又用在何处？　

　　41:54 饥荒，从古到今都是极大的灾祸。在古时人们要想有好的收成，几乎必须仰赖风调雨顺。古时也没有化学肥料和杀虫剂，雨量不调或有虫害，都可导致五谷欠收而引起饥荒，因为百姓几乎完全倚靠农作物为粮。那时没有货仓、冷藏设备或运输系统，即使一般的饥荒也会十分严重。当时的饥荒是极其严重的，如果没有神差约瑟来帮助，埃及人就会饿殍遍野。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

5．约瑟为法老解梦（四一）　　四一1～13 法老梦见七只肥壮和七只又丑陋又干瘦的……母牛，又梦见七个又肥大及佳美的穗子和七个……细弱的穗子。埃及所有的术士和博士都不能为法老解梦。术士和博士的能力是来自魔鬼的，并不能解法老之梦。那时，酒政想起约瑟，他能替人解梦，而神已向狱中的约瑟启示其中的奥秘。第1节提到“过了两年”，可能是指约瑟坐牢的日子，又可能是自酒政出狱的日子计起。

　　四一14～32 约瑟被召到法老面前，替他解梦，说埃及遍地必来七个大丰年，随后又要来七个荒年，蹂躏整个埃及。法老三番四次做相同的梦，表示神命定这事，而且必速速成就。约瑟曾做两个关乎自己将来的梦（三七6～9），但以理书第二章和第七章也记载类似的异象。圣经中，“二”是见证的数字。约瑟在王宫回答法老的话，跟他在狱中回答法老仆人的话是一样的。“这不在乎我，神必将平安的话回答法老。”（l节；比较四Ｏ8）约瑟坦诚地将荣耀归给神，我们也应当谨慎，不要将荣耀归于自己。

　　约瑟经历过许多试炼，但他从未改变对他列祖的神的忠诚。他在法老的面前，一再的宣告说，“这不在乎我，神……神已将所要作的事……”难怪在众多不同的试炼中，耶和华都一直与他同在。约瑟这份谦卑，叫神能信任他，叫他无惧承担重任，不怕事情会使他腐败。

　　四一33～36 约瑟替法老解梦之后，向他提出一个计划，使埃及人在接下来的十四年中可以存活。约瑟安慰法老，建议在丰年的日子多储粮食，以缓解荒年之困。防止饥荒的惟一方法就是积谷防饥，他的计划正是所谓“常满粮仓”之策。

　　四一37～46 法老甚感欣慰，任命约瑟当宰相，掌管全盘计划（40节），担保没有他的命令，不许人擅自办事（44节）。并赐名给约瑟，叫撒发那忒巴内亚（45节上），但名字的意思不详。有人认为名字的意思是救世主，另有人认为意思可能是神说话并神活着。法老又把一名外邦女子亚西纳许配约瑟为妻（45节）。将埃及一位重要官员的女儿给约瑟为妻，更表示他受到极高的尊重。

　　法老怎会让一个希伯来释囚替他解梦后，还未知道其解说是否准确，就派他管理国家呢？答案记在箴言二十一章1节：“王的心在耶和华手中。”优秀的人必冒出头来。信神的犹太人在外邦政府中身居要职的为数不少，约瑟是第一人。他出任职位的时候年三十岁（46节）。他十七岁被卖到埃及为奴，推算起来，约瑟被卖至这时已有十三年（比较三七2），他在埃及作了十一年奴隶、两年囚犯。

　　四一47～52 头七年，地的出产甚丰，不可胜数。期间，约瑟生了两个儿子——玛拿西（“使之忘了”的意思，因为他说：“神使我忘了一切的困苦，和我父的全家。”）和以法莲（“使之昌盛”的意思，因为他说：“神使我在受苦的地方昌盛”）。约瑟不念旧恶，生活就变得丰盛。

　　四一53～57 七个丰年过后，七个荒年紧接着就来了，饥荒遍满天下和埃及当地，各地的人都到约瑟那里去籴粮。这里，约瑟预表基督，神借基督把他一切的祝福施与地上困乏的人。神把约瑟带到埃及，他的百姓就免受饥荒之苦；此外，神还别有用意，就是要他的百姓远离迦南，免得当地道德败环之风污染他们。第三十八章述说以色列民在迦南的遭遇。神拯救他们，领他们到埃及，实际上是要他们与异教徒隔绝（四三32）

四十一 1-57　约瑟在宫中　　13 年的奴隶和囚牢生涯突然结束了，约瑟在牢狱中被提取出来，带到法老面前，此时不单是环境改变了，约瑟的为人也变了，那一度是轻率的少年，曾经惹恼他的家人，如今变得机智和有智慧。流泪谷被证明是灵魂操练的所在。它至少开始显明约瑟过去为甚么要受这些痛苦。神对处境的掌管也变得明显不过，祂给予自满的法老两个不安的梦，后来酒政向法老提议请约瑟解梦时，约瑟说：「神必给法老一个答案」（四十一 16 ），最后法老委任约瑟作他的宰相时说：「像这样的人，有神的灵在他里头，我们岂能找得着呢？」（四十一 38 ）　

　　由此，约瑟成了有先知恩赐和智慧之统治者的缩影，他有神的智慧，能知道未来，并且借着神的灵管治埃及，以致埃及和邻近的国家都在饥荒中获救（参诗七十二 16 ；赛十一 2 ）。再一次，他在这方面成了基督的预表，祂是最伟大的先知和君王，祂也是受苦的仆人，借着祂世界得着拯救，万膝要向祂跪拜（腓二 10 ；参创四十一 43 ），基督在受苦后得着荣耀，成了所有要跟随祂的基督徒的楷模（彼前五 6 ）。　

　　在创世记的观点中，本插曲令人禁不住问：在连续两次的事件中，约瑟先后解释了两个梦，而且他在这里认为两次作梦的原因是「因神命定这事，而且必速速成就。」（四十一 32 ）那么他自己的两次作梦又如何理解呢（三十七 5-11 ）？它们被应验吗？他为两个儿子起名玛拿西和以法莲，岂非透露了他的心迹，就是他没有忘掉他的父家？约瑟被委任为埃及的至高决策者，并不是故事的高潮，下面还有神更多的作为要显露出来。　

　　第 17-24 节比较法老重述的梦和他先前所梦见的（ 1-7 节），由此可见这些梦留在他脑海中的印象。　

　　第 33-36 节知道神的目的为要激励人付诸行动，而不是给人不作事的借口。　

　　第 39-43 节对约瑟的工作和他就职的描述，表示他是被委任为埃及的大臣。　

　　第 43 节「跪下」（英译作「让路」）是很好的翻译（参新国际译本旁注）。　