圣经创世记第41章讲解|原文_创世记全文阅读

旧约 - 创世记（Genesis）第41章

And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.

And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.

And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river.

And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.

And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.

And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them.

And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.

And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.

Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day:

Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captain of the guard's house, both me and the chief baker:

And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream.

And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret.

And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored unto mine office, and him he hanged.

Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh.

And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it.

And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace.

And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river:

And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a meadow:

And, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness:

And the lean and the ill favoured kine did eat up the first seven fat kine:

And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke.

And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up in one stalk, full and good:

And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them:

And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me.

And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do.

The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one.

And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them are seven years; and the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind shall be seven years of famine.

This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh: What God is about to do he sheweth unto Pharaoh.

Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt:

And there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land;

And the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine following; for it shall be very grievous.

And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice; it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.

Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt.

Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years.

And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities.

And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land perish not through the famine.

And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.

And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?

And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:

Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou.

And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt.

And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;

And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt.

And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.

And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.

And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.

And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls.

And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same.

And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.

And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bare unto him.

And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father's house.

And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.

And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended.

And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.

And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do.

And the famine was over all the face of the earth: And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt.

And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.

创世记第四十一章　　第 41 章　

　　梦　

　　创 41:8> 不是能力，不是才华，是神的启示让我知道……　

　　41:8　术士和博士在古代王宫里十分普遍。他们的工作包括研究宗教与科学，观看星象、解梦、预测未来和行法术等等。他们充满能力（参出 7:11-12 ），但他们的能力是来自魔鬼的，并不能解法老之梦；而神已向狱中的约瑟启示其中的奥秘。　

　　创 41:14> 仓促被提出监狱，约瑟不惊不慌，原因只一个……　

　　41:14　在没有预料的情况下机会来到，约瑟仓促地从狱中被提出来，带到法老面前。他有时间预备吗？事先并没有任何通知，但是约瑟对一切事皆胸有成竹，因为他与神有密切的交往。这并不是约瑟本身有解梦的本领，能帮别人圆梦，而是由于他认识神，所以得知奥秘之事。我们也要更多地认识神，才能迎接一切机会的来临。　

　　创 41:16> 当将荣耀归给神的时候，我会否过分缄默？　

　　41:16　约瑟坦诚地将荣耀归于神。我们也应当谨慎，不要将荣耀归于自己，因为这样做等于偷窃神的荣耀。当将荣耀归给神的时候，我们不要缄默。　

　　创 41:28-36> 谨慎处事的态度，能成就神的心意与计划。我是否也以这种态度事奉神？　

　　41:28-36　约瑟替法老解梦，然后向他提出一个计划，使埃及人在接下来的十四年中可以存活。防止饥荒的惟一方法就是积谷防饥，精心部署。若没有防饥的计划，埃及遍地就会毁于饥荒之中。许多人以为详细的计划既累赘又多余，其实这是人的责任，并不是可有可无的事。约瑟能将神对埃及的计划变为实际的行动，从而拯救了全国。我们也要把神对我们的计划化成实际的行动。　

　　创 41:38> 人从约瑟身上能看到神的灵！从我的身上呢？　

　　41:38 法老看出有神的灵在约瑟里头。我们虽然未必会为君王解梦，但是认识我们的人应当从我们的言行中，看见神在我们里面。你的亲友、同事、邻居看出有神的灵在你里头吗？　

　　创 41:39-40> 每一个际遇，都是神训练自己的机会。在此刻我最需要学习的是什么？　

　　41:39-40 约瑟平步青云，从囚犯晋升到王宫大臣。神训练他担任这个重要的职位，包括要他先作奴隶，后又成为囚犯；在每一个环境中，他都学会服事神和服事人。不管我们的处境怎样不济，我们都可以把它看为训练自己服事神的计划之一。　

　　创 41:45> 面对异地文化的同化，我会如何持守自己的信仰？　

　　41:45 法老给约瑟一个埃及名字，也给他一位埃及妻子，可能想把他融入埃及社会中，使埃及人不去计较约瑟出身于游牧民族──埃及人所不喜欢的行业；又可使埃及人更容易念和容易记得约瑟的名字。将埃及一位重要官员的女儿给约瑟为妻，更表示他受到极高的尊重。　

　　创 41:46> 际遇坎坷的约瑟，对我的人生有何激励？　

　　41:46 约瑟作埃及宰相的时候年三十岁，他十七岁被卖到埃及为奴，推算起来，他在埃及作了十一年奴隶、两年囚犯。　

　　创 41:54> 智慧若用在神的心意中，会带来祝福。我的智慧又用在何处？　

　　41:54 饥荒，从古到今都是极大的灾祸。在古时人们要想有好的收成，几乎必须仰赖风调雨顺。古时也没有化学肥料和杀虫剂，雨量不调或有虫害，都可导致五谷欠收而引起饥荒，因为百姓几乎完全倚靠农作物为粮。那时没有货仓、冷藏设备或运输系统，即使一般的饥荒也会十分严重。当时的饥荒是极其严重的，如果没有神差约瑟来帮助，埃及人就会饿殍遍野。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

5．约瑟为法老解梦（四一）　　四一1～13 法老梦见七只肥壮和七只又丑陋又干瘦的……母牛，又梦见七个又肥大及佳美的穗子和七个……细弱的穗子。埃及所有的术士和博士都不能为法老解梦。术士和博士的能力是来自魔鬼的，并不能解法老之梦。那时，酒政想起约瑟，他能替人解梦，而神已向狱中的约瑟启示其中的奥秘。第1节提到“过了两年”，可能是指约瑟坐牢的日子，又可能是自酒政出狱的日子计起。

　　四一14～32 约瑟被召到法老面前，替他解梦，说埃及遍地必来七个大丰年，随后又要来七个荒年，蹂躏整个埃及。法老三番四次做相同的梦，表示神命定这事，而且必速速成就。约瑟曾做两个关乎自己将来的梦（三七6～9），但以理书第二章和第七章也记载类似的异象。圣经中，“二”是见证的数字。约瑟在王宫回答法老的话，跟他在狱中回答法老仆人的话是一样的。“这不在乎我，神必将平安的话回答法老。”（l节；比较四Ｏ8）约瑟坦诚地将荣耀归给神，我们也应当谨慎，不要将荣耀归于自己。

　　约瑟经历过许多试炼，但他从未改变对他列祖的神的忠诚。他在法老的面前，一再的宣告说，“这不在乎我，神……神已将所要作的事……”难怪在众多不同的试炼中，耶和华都一直与他同在。约瑟这份谦卑，叫神能信任他，叫他无惧承担重任，不怕事情会使他腐败。

　　四一33～36 约瑟替法老解梦之后，向他提出一个计划，使埃及人在接下来的十四年中可以存活。约瑟安慰法老，建议在丰年的日子多储粮食，以缓解荒年之困。防止饥荒的惟一方法就是积谷防饥，他的计划正是所谓“常满粮仓”之策。

　　四一37～46 法老甚感欣慰，任命约瑟当宰相，掌管全盘计划（40节），担保没有他的命令，不许人擅自办事（44节）。并赐名给约瑟，叫撒发那忒巴内亚（45节上），但名字的意思不详。有人认为名字的意思是救世主，另有人认为意思可能是神说话并神活着。法老又把一名外邦女子亚西纳许配约瑟为妻（45节）。将埃及一位重要官员的女儿给约瑟为妻，更表示他受到极高的尊重。

　　法老怎会让一个希伯来释囚替他解梦后，还未知道其解说是否准确，就派他管理国家呢？答案记在箴言二十一章1节：“王的心在耶和华手中。”优秀的人必冒出头来。信神的犹太人在外邦政府中身居要职的为数不少，约瑟是第一人。他出任职位的时候年三十岁（46节）。他十七岁被卖到埃及为奴，推算起来，约瑟被卖至这时已有十三年（比较三七2），他在埃及作了十一年奴隶、两年囚犯。

　　四一47～52 头七年，地的出产甚丰，不可胜数。期间，约瑟生了两个儿子——玛拿西（“使之忘了”的意思，因为他说：“神使我忘了一切的困苦，和我父的全家。”）和以法莲（“使之昌盛”的意思，因为他说：“神使我在受苦的地方昌盛”）。约瑟不念旧恶，生活就变得丰盛。

　　四一53～57 七个丰年过后，七个荒年紧接着就来了，饥荒遍满天下和埃及当地，各地的人都到约瑟那里去籴粮。这里，约瑟预表基督，神借基督把他一切的祝福施与地上困乏的人。神把约瑟带到埃及，他的百姓就免受饥荒之苦；此外，神还别有用意，就是要他的百姓远离迦南，免得当地道德败环之风污染他们。第三十八章述说以色列民在迦南的遭遇。神拯救他们，领他们到埃及，实际上是要他们与异教徒隔绝（四三32）

四十一 1-57　约瑟在宫中　　13 年的奴隶和囚牢生涯突然结束了，约瑟在牢狱中被提取出来，带到法老面前，此时不单是环境改变了，约瑟的为人也变了，那一度是轻率的少年，曾经惹恼他的家人，如今变得机智和有智慧。流泪谷被证明是灵魂操练的所在。它至少开始显明约瑟过去为甚么要受这些痛苦。神对处境的掌管也变得明显不过，祂给予自满的法老两个不安的梦，后来酒政向法老提议请约瑟解梦时，约瑟说：「神必给法老一个答案」（四十一 16 ），最后法老委任约瑟作他的宰相时说：「像这样的人，有神的灵在他里头，我们岂能找得着呢？」（四十一 38 ）　

　　由此，约瑟成了有先知恩赐和智慧之统治者的缩影，他有神的智慧，能知道未来，并且借着神的灵管治埃及，以致埃及和邻近的国家都在饥荒中获救（参诗七十二 16 ；赛十一 2 ）。再一次，他在这方面成了基督的预表，祂是最伟大的先知和君王，祂也是受苦的仆人，借着祂世界得着拯救，万膝要向祂跪拜（腓二 10 ；参创四十一 43 ），基督在受苦后得着荣耀，成了所有要跟随祂的基督徒的楷模（彼前五 6 ）。　

　　在创世记的观点中，本插曲令人禁不住问：在连续两次的事件中，约瑟先后解释了两个梦，而且他在这里认为两次作梦的原因是「因神命定这事，而且必速速成就。」（四十一 32 ）那么他自己的两次作梦又如何理解呢（三十七 5-11 ）？它们被应验吗？他为两个儿子起名玛拿西和以法莲，岂非透露了他的心迹，就是他没有忘掉他的父家？约瑟被委任为埃及的至高决策者，并不是故事的高潮，下面还有神更多的作为要显露出来。　

　　第 17-24 节比较法老重述的梦和他先前所梦见的（ 1-7 节），由此可见这些梦留在他脑海中的印象。　

　　第 33-36 节知道神的目的为要激励人付诸行动，而不是给人不作事的借口。　

　　第 39-43 节对约瑟的工作和他就职的描述，表示他是被委任为埃及的大臣。　

　　第 43 节「跪下」（英译作「让路」）是很好的翻译（参新国际译本旁注）。　