圣经撒母耳记上第30章讲解|原文_撒母耳记上全文阅读

旧约 - 撒母耳记上（1 Samuel）第30章

And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;

And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way.

So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives.

Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep.

And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD his God.

And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David.

And David enquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all.

So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed.

But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.

And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink water;

And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights.

And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick.

We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.

And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company.

And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.

And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day: and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, which rode upon camels, and fled.

And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: and David rescued his two wives.

And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all.

And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cattle, and said, This is David's spoil.

And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.

Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.

Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand.

For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike.

And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day.

And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD;

To them which were in Bethel, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir,

And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa,

And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites,

And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach,

And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men were wont to haunt.

撒母耳记上第三十章　　第 30 章　

　　基利波之战　

　　撒上 30:6> 领袖的处境因群情而改变，怎样在危险情势的考验中化险为夷？　

　　30:6　跟随大卫的军兵，因为失去眷属而苦恼，于是开始反对他，甚至于想杀死他。他们不设法去援救，反而找人来出气；独有大卫倚靠神，心里坚定，着手寻求解救方法，而不诿过于别人。面对问题时请记住，找人来出气或抨击是毫无用处的，相反的，你要思考怎样解决问题。　

　　撒上 30:7> 大卫不是祭司，要以弗得做什么？　

　　30:7　大卫不能到会幕去寻求耶和华的指引，因为那在扫罗的地界内。所以他请祭司将以弗得拿来给他，那是他所拥有的惟一与会幕有关的物件。他在祭司和以弗得面前求神指示。他要以弗得，实际上是要求祭司将乌陵和土明给他带来，那是放在以弗得上的一个袋里的，只有大祭司能携带使用（参出 39:1-21 的注释）。　

　　撒上 30:11-15> 以善待恶会有出人意表的结果，因为……　

　　30:11-15　亚玛力人残忍地留下这个奴仆，听任他死亡，神却使用他引领大卫和他的军队来到他们的兵营。大卫和他的军队善待这青年人，他也投桃报李领他们到仇敌那里。你所遇到的人，无论如何微不足道，总要维护他们的尊严并善待他们。你绝不知道，神会怎样使用他们来帮助你，这全在乎你怎样对待他们。　

　　撒上 30:24-25> 均分制的优越性与局限性，在不同时代的特点……　

　　30:24-25　大卫定下一条律例，就是在分掳物的事上，上阵的和看守器具的人要均等。今日，在教会与其他机构之中，我们对后勤供应人员与前线奋战者，也应当一视同仁，无分轩轾。如果没有会计、秘书与行政人员，神职人员或专业人士就不能完成工作。你如果在前线作战，请不要忘记支持你的人。如果你做支援的工作，尽管不够炫耀刺激，要明白这对于整体的工作一样重要。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记上第三十章　　大与亚玛力人（三十 1-31 ）　

　　我们尚未知道，有关扫罗与非利士人之间的战役，因为作者只选择与大的命运有关的叙述。他与他的跟随者离开非利士的军队后，很自然再回到洗革拉的总部，却发现这城镇已被烧毁变为荒芜。这章圣经显示亚玛力人，怎样成为整个地区安居百姓的仇敌。事实无疑是以色列及非利士军队，一同向北方推进去作战，以致让亚玛力人有机可乘，向不设防的地区进行一次严重的侵袭。很明显大因这件事而很惊奇；同样地，亚玛力人没有想到，他们的军队会这么快回到南部，以致大反过来能够捉到他们。过去他曾杀死所有亚玛力的囚犯（参廿七 11 ），但现在他们不是报复而是为赢利，他们没有杀死那些被掳的人，因为可以得到一笔很高的赎金，或卖作奴隶。　

　　再一次我们看见，上帝的手在整件事中管理。上帝曾拯救大，免致他攻击他的以色列同胞，并使他在关键的时刻重返洗革拉。虽然如此，亚玛力的掠夺者无疑地不可能在人口稀少的南方地带（半旷野地区）住下，如果大和跟随者没有碰见那个埃及人，便不能得到准确的资料（ 11-15 节）。我们不可以视为偶然，这里强调大征询祭司亚比亚他，透过他便得到上帝清楚的引导（ 7 节以下）；大就是这样在战役中，赢得扫罗所没有的引导。　

　　这一章圣经说明人性的无常。起初他们因失去整个家庭而悲痛，大的士兵几乎想要杀死他。但无损地救回他们的妻子，和得回财物后，他们便欢喜并自动交出抢掠之物给大──在很短的时间有很显着的改变。棕榈主日（编按：即耶稣受难节前的主日）的耶路撒冷众，对耶稣的态度，和几日后的态度相比，提供另一个突出的例子，说明众如何成为片刻感情的囚犯。这幅图画显示领袖的另一面：一个人能容忍多少……才能够领导多少。归根结底，领导只可以藉认同──至少与足够多数目的百姓认同，使领导层得最高的支持。领导时常需要行使说服的权力；但在这种情况下，大不可能运用说服力将灾祸变为胜利；强而有力的行动是必须的，感谢上帝的帮助，他可以做到这一点。　

　　在战胜亚玛力人的战役中，有两件接续而来的事：　

　　（一）廿一至廿五节：在某种意义上，这是大作王的第一次军事胜利──这是现在他在自己军队中的实质地位。他将在以后年日中，继续赢取更多的胜利，故此他怎样处置这些战争中的掠物是很重要的。他坚持这些东西要绝对公平分配。军队中每一方面的工作，都是同等价值及重要的。很清楚大对这问题的坚定，受大部分跟随者的称赞，只有少部分贪婪者持不同的意见。　

　　领导者一定要显示公平，并且坚定地持守，不向局部的利益妥协。要稳固任何体的团结，由国家至地方教会，领袖们使每一个成员都感觉到有用和有价值，这是很重要。保罗将教会比喻为一个身体，非常有效地指明这一点；参看哥林多前书十二章十四至廿六节。　

　　（二）廿六至卅一节：这些掠物不单足够供应军队，而且也补偿过去的利益。许多得胜的王会把盈余的掠物，私饱中囊和建造宏伟华丽的皇宫；但大使用这些首次的掠物，去表示他对那些当他逃避扫罗追捕时，飘流过的犹大，作为他的感激。这种忠诚是好领袖必须显示的，大毫不迟疑表现出来。这种姿态很快带给大好处，帮助他与犹大之间建立良好的关系，使他被接纳作犹大王。但如果我们以为这是他的动机，以为他并非慷慨和感激，便会误解和把他的善意庸俗化；大不能豫见扫罗的死亡，他又不知道犹大准备脱离以色列。作者得出一个普遍的论点，乃是经过多年的逃亡和放逐，大确实为他的犹大支派同胞带来了好处。──《每日研经丛书》　

撒母耳记上注释　　4．亚玛力人被打败（三Ｏ）

　　三Ｏ1～6 当大卫与亚吉的军队往北进发时。亚玛力人便趁机侵略洗革拉，又掳了城内的妇孺。过去大卫曾杀死所有亚玛力的囚犯（廿七11），但现在他们不是报复而是为赢利，他们没有杀死那些被掳的人，因为可以得到一笔很高的赎金，或卖作奴隶。

　　在这里我们再一次看见，上帝的手在整件事中管理。上帝曾拯救大卫，免致他攻击他的以色列同胞，并使他在关键的时刻重返洗革拉。大卫回去时，只见城已了无一物。这是否是神对他与非利士人联合的审判？若是，大卫就显出他对神性情的洞悉力了，因为他在众人众事都违愿时寻求神的安慰。他知道在这危难的时候惟有依靠耶和华得力量。正如先知所说：“他撕裂我们，也必医治。他打伤我们，也必缠裹。”（何六1）

　　跟随大卫的军兵，因为失去眷属而苦恼，于是开始反对他，甚至于想杀死他。他们不设法去援救，反而找人来出气；独有大卫倚靠神，心里坚定，着手寻求解救方法，而不诿过于别人。面对问题时请记住，找人来出气或抨击是毫无用处的，相反的，你要思考怎样解决问题。

　　三Ｏ7～15 大卫请祭司将以弗得拿来给他，那是他所拥有的惟一与会幕有关的物件。他在祭司面前穿上这祭司衣服，求神指示。大卫求问耶和华后，就以这得胜的确据追赶亚玛力人。他的跟随者中有二百人（三分之一）不能越过比梭溪，因为他们最近的损失令他们精神受创，而他们费了三天时间前往洗革拉，也令他们体力透支。大卫留下他们，与其余的四百人继续往南面进发。纵是疲累，他们仍然追赶。后来，他们在田野找到一个困苦的埃及人，被他的亚马力主人所撇弃，快要死了。他们便给他食物，让他恢复体力（精神）。大卫答应保证他安全，于是他便带领大卫到亚玛力人的营去。亚玛力人残忍地留下这个奴仆，听任他死亡，神却使用他引领大卫和他的军队来到他们的兵营。

　　三Ｏ16～25 喝醉的亚玛力人最终只可期待那突如其来的客人莅临他们的庆典。大卫如野豹般快扑向那些寻欢者，制服那势力比他强盛的阵容。只有四百骑骆驼的少年人得以逃脱。希伯来人的俘掳安然无恙，得到大量财物作战利品。事情在不超过二十四小时发生了。大卫分得的牛群和羊群是从亚马力人夺来的分。但是他一些跟随者不想把余下的财物与留在比梭溪的懦夫平分。大卫却定了律例，看守器具的士兵能与上阵杀敌的平分战利品。（参看民三一27）

　　三Ｏ26～31 大卫返回犹大后，把财物分给他的朋友作礼物。他素来所到之处，都送礼物给当地的人。这证明是神使他兴旺，胜过外敌。他可能借此巩固他的友情，为他与扫罗的争逐多得支持，因为他不知道扫罗快要死去。