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旧约 - 撒母耳记上(1 Samuel)第1章

There was a certain man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite from the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.
He had two wives; one was called Hannah and the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.
Year after year this man went up from his town to worship and sacrifice to the LORD Almighty at Shiloh, where Hophni and Phinehas, the two sons of Eli, were priests of the LORD.
Whenever the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he would give portions of the meat to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.
But to Hannah he gave a double portion because he loved her, and the LORD had closed her womb.
And because the LORD had closed her womb, her rival kept provoking her in order to irritate her.
This went on year after year. Whenever Hannah went up to the house of the LORD, her rival provoked her till she wept and would not eat.
Elkanah her husband would say to her, "Hannah, why are you weeping? Why don't you eat? Why are you downhearted? Don't I mean more to you than ten sons?"
Once when they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah stood up. Now Eli the priest was sitting on a chair by the doorpost of the LORD'S temple.
In bitterness of soul Hannah wept much and prayed to the LORD.
And she made a vow, saying, "O LORD Almighty, if you will only look upon your servant's misery and remember me, and not forget your servant but give her a son, then I will give him to the LORD for all the days of his life, and no razor will ever be used on his head."
As she kept on praying to the LORD, Eli observed her mouth.
Hannah was praying in her heart, and her lips were moving but her voice was not heard. Eli thought she was drunk
and said to her, "How long will you keep on getting drunk? Get rid of your wine."
"Not so, my lord," Hannah replied, "I am a woman who is deeply troubled. I have not been drinking wine or beer; I was pouring out my soul to the LORD.
Do not take your servant for a wicked woman; I have been praying here out of my great anguish and grief."
Eli answered, "Go in peace, and may the God of Israel grant you what you have asked of him."
She said, "May your servant find favor in your eyes." Then she went her way and ate something, and her face was no longer downcast.
Early the next morning they arose and worshiped before the LORD and then went back to their home at Ramah. Elkanah lay with Hannah his wife, and the LORD remembered her.
So in the course of time Hannah conceived and gave birth to a son. She named him Samuel, saying, "Because I asked the LORD for him."
When the man Elkanah went up with all his family to offer the annual sacrifice to the LORD and to fulfill his vow,
Hannah did not go. She said to her husband, "After the boy is weaned, I will take him and present him before the LORD, and he will live there always."
"Do what seems best to you," Elkanah her husband told her. "Stay here until you have weaned him; only may the LORD make good his word." So the woman stayed at home and nursed her son until she had weaned him.
After he was weaned, she took the boy with her, young as he was, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour and a skin of wine, and brought him to the house of the LORD at Shiloh.
When they had slaughtered the bull, they brought the boy to Eli,
and she said to him, "As surely as you live, my lord, I am the woman who stood here beside you praying to the LORD.
I prayed for this child, and the LORD has granted me what I asked of him.
So now I give him to the LORD. For his whole life he will be given over to the LORD." And he worshiped the LORD there.
撒母耳记上第一章   第 1 章 

  哈拿 

  撒上 1:1> 集士师、祭司、先知于一身的撒母耳是这样诞生的…… 

  1:1 本书始于士师秉政时期,可能在参孙最后的几年间。撒母耳是以色列最后的士师,也是君王时代首位祭司兼先知,是众士师的典范。他以神的圣言治理人民,而不是任意妄为。撒母耳曾膏立以色列的第一任君王。 

  撒上 1:2> 一夫多妻制合神的心意吗?以色列人中为什么有这种现象? 

  1:2 旧约中许多伟大的领袖(例如亚伯拉罕、雅各、大卫等人)都有多位妻妾,不过这并非神起初的心意。创世记 2 章 24 节说,夫妻二人要合为一体,神子民中,过去为什么仍有多妻现象呢?第一,为了多生养后代,好帮助男人做繁重的工作,并使家族脉脉相传、连绵不断。儿女众多是丰足与地位的象征。第二,昔日战乱频生,许多青年男子战死,一夫多妻制度就成为社会认可的方式,以使妇女能出嫁,不至孤苦贫穷。但是,多妻制度常常造成严重的家庭问题,从哈拿与毗尼拿的故事中,可以看出这种情形。 

  前往示罗朝圣的旅程 

  撒上 1:3> 以利加拿跟神的关系怎样? 

  1:3 会幕(敬拜神的地方)设在示罗,是当时以色列人的宗教中心(参书 18:1 )。律法规定全以色列的男丁,要一年三次到那里去守宗教节期:逾越节连同除酵节、七七节与住棚节(参申 16:16 )。以利加拿遵从神的规定,每年照例到示罗敬拜耶和华。(关于敬拜的条例,参出 23:14-17 ;会幕的详情,参出 40:34 的注释。) 

  撒上 1:6> 在当时的以色列,不生育的妇女的处境如何? 

  1:6 哈拿一直不能生育。在旧约时代,不育的妇女使丈夫无后,在社会蒙受羞辱。在社会经济结构中,儿女是非常重要的成员,是家庭劳动力的来源;父母年老时,子女也当尽上反哺的本分。妻子如果无所出,按照古代近东的习惯,就要将自己的婢女给丈夫作妾,替她生养儿女。以利加拿虽可以抛弃哈拿(那时容许丈夫休不育之妻),却仍然专一地爱她,不理社会的嘲讽和民事法律上休妻的权利。 

  撒上 1:7> 怎样看待无望的事,怎样帮助无望的人? 

  1:7 神对哈拿有其计划,祂有意使她延迟数年才生孩子。毗尼拿与以利加拿只看到哈拿表面的处境,却不知与此同时,神正在实施祂的计划。请顾念那些在你周围切切祷告,但尚未蒙神应允的人。他们需要你的爱心与帮助。扶助在祷告上缺乏信心的人,帮助他们坚定信心,使他们确信到了神所定的时间,神必成全自己的计划。 

  撒上 1:8> 绝望来自人,盼望来自神,我若是哈拿…… 

  1:8 哈拿知道丈夫爱她,但这仍不足以安慰她。她常常听到毗尼拿的冷嘲热讽,渐渐地丧失了自信。别人的不公平对待,我们管不了,但我们却能选择用什么态度来回应恶言。与其沉溺于一己的难题,不如欣赏神所赐下的恩爱亲情,这样才会把自艾自怜化为盼望。 

  撒上 1:10> 哈拿痛苦地祷告,是因为……给我何启发? 

  1:10 哈拿有十足的理由愁苦伤心。她不能生儿育女,又与讥讽她的毗尼拿共事一夫( 1:7 ),丈夫深爱她,也未能为她解忧( 1:8 ),就连大祭司都误解她的行为( 1:14 ),把她蠕动嘴唇的祷告当作醉酒。但她既没有报复,也不放弃盼望,只向神坦诚诉苦,亦向祂祈求。人人都会遇到徒劳无功的时刻,在工作上,事奉上,或是人际关系上,都有山穷水尽、一事无成之际,也可能感到很难再用信心祷告。但哈拿看出只有祷告才是让神动工的惟一出路( 1:19-20 )。 

  撒上 1:11> 我的祷告中有许愿的成分吗?我能信守诺言吗? 

  1:11 当留心你在祷告中所许的愿,因为神会照你所许的来追讨。哈拿求子心切,甘愿与神讨价还价。神接受了她所许的愿,赐给她一个儿子。尽管还愿是痛苦的事,哈拿仍毫不失信地去还愿( 1:27-28 )。我们虽然没有资格与神讨价还价,祂仍可能会答应我们许愿的祷告。你祷告的时候,请你自问,“如果神答允我,我会不会向祂还愿?”对人许愿不还,是不守信用的表现,而且可能会惹祸;对神许愿,事情就更加严肃。神既向我们成全祂的应许,也就指望你向祂守诺言。 

  撒上 1:18> 我祷告后也得平安和喜乐吗? 

  1:18 哈拿向神祷告以前,愁肠百结,以致不能吃喝,祷告后她高高兴兴地去吃饭。她的改变可能由于三个因素:( 1 )她诚实地向神祷告( 1:11 );( 2 )她从以利得到鼓励( 1:17 );( 3 )她决定将困难留给神去处理( 1:18 )。将你内心的感受告诉神,让祂来解决困局,这才是克服愁苦的良方,然后你便可以再寻求良师益友的支持。 

  撒上 1:26-28> 献上心爱的儿子,哈拿甘心为之──论到我向神所献的,较之哈拿…… 

  1:26-28 哈拿为了还愿( 1:11 ),献上她深爱的儿子,把他带到以利面前,叫他在耶和华的殿(会幕)中事奉神。她将独生子献给神,就是把她的一生和前途都献给主。撒母耳的生命是从神而来的,是神赐给她的孩子,所以哈拿实际上并不是失去他,乃是将他归还给神。这几节经文说明,我们应当把什么样的礼物献给神。你所献上的是微不足道的(例如礼拜天早晨去敬拜神,循例作十一奉献等),还是作出重大牺牲的礼物呢?你是向神象征性地献上,还是将整个人生献给祂呢? %5 

  撒上 1:28> 献上儿子后,哈拿怎样继续尽母亲职责? 

  1:28 撒母耳的母亲把他留在会幕的时候,他大概有三岁大了──按习惯说是断奶的年岁。她说,“我将这孩子归与耶和华”,是指她将撒母耳献给神,终身事奉祂。她当然没有忘记她挚爱的儿子,并经常去探望他。她每年为他做一件小外袍,好像祭司以利所穿的一样( 2:19 )。撒母耳后来住在拉玛( 7:17 ),就是他父母的故乡( 1:19-20 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》