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旧约 - 利未记(Leviticus)第17章

The LORD said to Moses,
"Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: 'This is what the LORD has commanded:
Any Israelite who sacrifices an ox, a lamb or a goat in the camp or outside of it
instead of bringing it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to present it as an offering to the LORD in front of the tabernacle of the LORD--that man shall be considered guilty of bloodshed; he has shed blood and must be cut off from his people.
This is so the Israelites will bring to the LORD the sacrifices they are now making in the open fields. They must bring them to the priest, that is, to the LORD, at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and sacrifice them as fellowship offerings.
The priest is to sprinkle the blood against the altar of the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and burn the fat as an aroma pleasing to the LORD.
They must no longer offer any of their sacrifices to the goat idols to whom they prostitute themselves. This is to be a lasting ordinance for them and for the generations to come.'
"Say to them: 'Any Israelite or any alien living among them who offers a burnt offering or sacrifice
and does not bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to sacrifice it to the LORD--that man must be cut off from his people.
"'Any Israelite or any alien living among them who eats any blood--I will set my face against that person who eats blood and will cut him off from his people.
For the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one's life.
Therefore I say to the Israelites, "None of you may eat blood, nor may an alien living among you eat blood."
"'Any Israelite or any alien living among you who hunts any animal or bird that may be eaten must drain out the blood and cover it with earth,
because the life of every creature is its blood. That is why I have said to the Israelites, "You must not eat the blood of any creature, because the life of every creature is its blood; anyone who eats it must be cut off."
"'Anyone, whether native-born or alien, who eats anything found dead or torn by wild animals must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be ceremonially unclean till evening; then he will be clean.
But if he does not wash his clothes and bathe himself, he will be held responsible.'"
利未记第十七章   第 17 章 

  利 17 章 > 圣洁是高不可攀的标准吗? 

  17 章 人有时称第 17 至 26 章为圣洁的法典,因为这几章详细描述如何过圣洁的生活,多于讲解其意义。它的中心经文是“你们要圣洁,因为我耶和华你们的神是圣洁的。”( 19:2 ) 

  利 17:3-9> 神为什么不许以色列人在会幕以外献祭呢? 

  17:3-9 这是因为祂已经定出献祭的时间与地点,并且每种祭具都有象征意义,只有这些献祭是得到神准许的。如果百姓可随处献祭的话,就很可能随意增减神的条例,以迎合自己的生活方式,正如许多异教的祭司所做的一样。神的命令能使百姓抗拒试探,不至随从异教风俗。后来以色列人转而拜偶像,就是因为“各人任意而行”(士 17:6 )。 

  利 17:7> 这山羊,是外族的神?神禁止他们敬拜山羊,原因你也明了…… 

  17:7 山羊神(也被称为鬼魔)是古代人敬拜和献祭的对象,拜山羊神在埃及流行甚广。以色列人刚刚从那里逃出来,神不许祂的子民在旷野献这种祭,进入应许之地后,也照样不许。 

  利 17:11-14> 流血才能赎罪,是野蛮的行径吗? 

  17:11-14 血怎么能赎罪呢?“因为血里有生命,所以能赎罪”,一方面血代表罪人的生命,受到罪的感染,走向死亡;另一方面,这血也代表牲畜的无罪生命,为犯罪而献祭之人作出牺牲。牲畜的死(它流出的血可作凭证)代表了死刑已经执行,所以神也就赦免了罪人。只要人以纯正的态度献祭,流出祭牲的血,就可以使罪得赦。神是依据献祭之人的信心赦免他的罪的。 

  旧的祭与新的祭 

  利 17:14> 神为什么不许人吃血呢? 

  17:14 这条禁令可一直追溯到挪亚的时代(参创 9:4 )。神禁止人吃血,原因如下:( 1 )叫百姓必须与周围各族有显着的分别,因为吃血是异教的习俗。异教徒误认为吃血可以吸取动物之精华,如力气、速度等等,所以常常吃它们的血。神的子民要倚靠祂,不是靠吃牲畜的血得力量。( 2 )保持献祭的象征性。血象征牲畜的生命,是代替罪人而流出的。如果吃血,便改变了献祭赎罪的象征意义,也消灭了献祭的凭证。( 3 )保护神的子民免受疾病传染,因为许多严重的疾病是由血传染而来的。犹太人对这一条禁令非常认真,难怪人听到耶稣说,人必须喝祂的血的时候,就厌弃祂(参约 6:53-56 )。耶稣是神,又是必须为罪献上的末后之祭,所以祂叫信徒与祂完全一致,合而为一。祂既要我们让祂的生命进入心中,又要介入我们的生活。──《灵修版圣经注释》