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旧约 - 以斯帖记(Esther)第3章

After these events, King Xerxes honored Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, elevating him and giving him a seat of honor higher than that of all the other nobles.
All the royal officials at the king's gate knelt down and paid honor to Haman, for the king had commanded this concerning him. But Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor.
Then the royal officials at the king's gate asked Mordecai, "Why do you disobey the king's command?"
Day after day they spoke to him but he refused to comply. Therefore they told Haman about it to see whether Mordecai's behavior would be tolerated, for he had told them he was a Jew.
When Haman saw that Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor, he was enraged.
Yet having learned who Mordecai's people were, he scorned the idea of killing only Mordecai. Instead Haman looked for a way to destroy all Mordecai's people, the Jews, throughout the whole kingdom of Xerxes.
In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, they cast the pur (that is, the lot) in the presence of Haman to select a day and month. And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar.
Then Haman said to King Xerxes, "There is a certain people dispersed and scattered among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom whose customs are different from those of all other people and who do not obey the king's laws; it is not in the king's best interest to tolerate them.
If it pleases the king, let a decree be issued to destroy them, and I will put ten thousand talents of silver into the royal treasury for the men who carry out this business."
So the king took his signet ring from his finger and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews.
"Keep the money," the king said to Haman, "and do with the people as you please."
Then on the thirteenth day of the first month the royal secretaries were summoned. They wrote out in the script of each province and in the language of each people all Haman's orders to the king's satraps, the governors of the various provinces and the nobles of the various peoples. These were written in the name of King Xerxes himself and sealed with his own ring.
Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king's provinces with the order to destroy, kill and annihilate all the Jews--young and old, women and little children--on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, and to plunder their goods.
A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so they would be ready for that day.
Spurred on by the king's command, the couriers went out, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was bewildered.
以斯帖记第三章   第 3 章 

  斯 3:2> 为信仰而孤军奋战,我有没有这般勇气和胆量? 

  3:2 末底改坚守自己的信念,没有为明哲保身而随波逐流;反之,他有勇气择善固守。坚持信念有时须力排众议,成为少数分子;不过,服从神较服从人重要得多(参徒 5:29 )。 

  3:2-4 末底改拒绝向哈曼下拜。犹太人有时也向政府官员下拜,以示尊敬(参创 23:7 ;撒上 24:8 )。但是,波斯王及位高权重的大臣,在国内被视为神圣不可侵犯的,在他们面前下跪,就等于把他们当作神,因此末底改决不肯这样做。但以理的三个朋友也曾拒绝敬拜金像(参但 3:1-30 )。我们敬拜的对象,只能是独一真神,而不是任何人。若有人要求你向他膜拜或违背神,你千万不要让步。 

  斯 3:5-6> 对一个民族有偏见,你有没有这种倾向?为什么? 

  3:5-6 哈曼位高权重,末底改却不愿向他屈膝下拜,这使他怒火中烧。他不仅怀恨末底改本人,甚至憎恶末底改的民族,因为犹太人认为神是惟一值得尊崇的对象。哈曼因一个民族的信仰文化与自己的不同,就恨那个民族的人,显见他的心胸是何等狭隘。自大变成固执,总以为自己胜人一筹。哈曼自己也是因为妄自尊大而被处决的( 7:9-10 )。对于高傲矜夸、目空一切的人,神必严加惩罚(参箴 18:12 ;赛 23:8-9 ;提前 3:6 )。 

  斯 3:5-6> 想进行种族灭绝的人,其内心世界是怎样的? 

  3:5-6 为何哈曼因末底改一人所为,便想灭绝整个犹太民族?( 1 )哈曼是亚甲人,是以色列的宿敌亚玛力人的后裔,因此他也仇恨犹太民族。( 2 )一人之下,万人之上( 3:1 )的哈曼权欲薰心,渴望得人尊崇;可是,犹太人却独尊神为最高的权威,不畏其他权势。哈曼知道,惟一满足他虚荣心的途径,便是杀戮这批敬重神,过于敬重他和皇帝的人。追求权力和种族仇恨促使他策划灭族行动。 

  斯 3:7> “普珥日”是怎么来的? 

  3:7 哈曼抽签择日,一心要铲除犹太人。他自以为易如反掌,谁知神的旨意远高过他的计谋,事情的进展全在神的计划中;杀戮之期几乎定在一年之后,使以斯帖有充足的时间奏请皇上。波斯人称“抽签”为“普珥”,料想不到,哈曼消灭犹太人之日,竟然变为神拯救犹太人之时,于是犹太人便称这日为“普珥日”,欢喜庆祝。 

  斯 3:9> 哈曼灭绝犹太人的意图是纯粹出于政治和信仰上的原因吗? 

  3:9 哈曼必在想,皇上若降旨让他灭绝犹太人,他便可趁机掠夺他们的家园财产,中饱私囊。因为犹太人在帝国境内为数不少。 

  斯 3:10-12> 王把戒指给了哈曼,什么意思? 

  3:10-12 古时的官员以印章戒指来代替个人签名。戒指表面镶有凸起的印鉴,用金属、木或骨制造。亚哈随鲁王的御玺戒指,很可能以金或银制造。把戒指印章盖在信封口处的软火漆上可密封信件,国家文件则用皇家印鉴为证。亚哈随鲁王把御玺戒指交给哈曼,意味着哈曼已取得无限的权力,大可为所欲为;可是皇帝却不知自己的戒指王印将会给爱妻以斯帖颁签死状。 

  斯 3:13> 哈曼为何要急着颁发诏书?这样做的利弊何在? 

  3:13 哈曼颁发状书,判处波斯帝国境内所有犹太人死刑,以色列境内的犹太人自然也包括在内。倘若诏书的命令得到执行,神拣选的子民便会被灭绝,而神差爱子到世上成为犹太人的计划就会落空!可是,神的旨意是无人能阻挠的(参伯 42:2 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》