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旧约 - 撒母耳记下(2 Samuel)第2章

And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.
So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.
And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.
And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.
And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.
And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.
Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.
But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;
And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.
And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.
Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon.
And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.
And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.
Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.
And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.
And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?
Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.
And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.
Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?
And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother.
So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.
And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.
But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.
And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.
撒母耳记下第二章   第 2 章 

  撒下 2:1> 人往往凭自己的才智审时度势,或任一己的冲动鲁莽行事,大卫的做法却完全不同…… 

  2:1 大卫虽然自知将要作王(参撒上 16:13 ; 23:17 ; 24:20 ),而扫罗之死似乎是他作王的适当时机,他仍然求问神,应否回到犹大故土。即使有时情势似乎很明显,但在采取行动以前,还是要求问神,只有祂才清楚何时是最适当的时机。 

  撒下 2:1> 神为什么吩咐大卫上希伯仑去?祂今天又吩咐我往哪里去? 

  2:1 神吩咐大卫回到希伯仑,不久犹大人就要在那里膏立他作王。他以希伯仑作首都,因为,( 1 )那是当时在犹大境内最大的城;( 2 )防御坚固,足以抵挡仇敌的攻击;( 3 )它位于犹大境内的中央附近,是作京城的理想之地;( 4 )有许多贸易路线汇集,在战时可保障物资供应。 

  撒下 2:4> 大卫虽贵为君王,但亦有漫长的岁月不为人所接受,我是否也有类似的遭遇? 

  2:4 大卫在多年以前受撒母耳膏立为王(参撒上 16:13 ),但那是在他家中私下进行的;现在犹大人公开膏立他为王,正好像为候任官员公开举行就职典礼一样。不过,以色列其余的支派不同意他作王约有七年半之久( 2:10-11 )。 

  撒下 2:4-7> 大卫为什么要去基列雅比? 

  2:4-7 基列雅比人曾经冒生命危险去埋葬扫罗的尸体,大卫作王以后遣使者道谢(参撒上 31:11-13 )。在亚扪王拿辖围攻基列雅比的时候,扫罗救他们免受耻辱(参撒上 11 ),所以那里的人对他都很感激。大卫的信息也提示他们,最好效法犹大人以他为王。基列雅比在基列地的北部。大卫正寻求未承认他为王的十一个支派支持他。 

  约押与押尼珥决一胜负 

  撒下 2:10-11> 伊施波设迟迟没有继位,权力是否出现真空? 

  2:10-11 大卫作犹大人的王有七年半的时间,伊施波设作以色列的王只有两年。这里有五年的空白,可能是由于伊施波设在扫罗驾崩后不敢立即作王。以色列北部常有非利士人侵扰,所以伊施波设等了五年才敢即位。期间,他的元帅押尼珥担任了主要的角色,驱逐非利士人,力促北方的联盟。不管伊施波设何时称帝,他的统治是既软弱又有限的。非利士人仍然控制当地,而伊施波设也受到元帅押尼珥的威摄( 3:11 )。 

  故事中的人物 

  撒下 2:12> 双方以对等人数撕杀,为何? 

  2:12 他们各选出十二个人,彼此争斗(用刀互刺),存活的人数较多的一边为胜。大卫和歌利亚的争战(参撒上 17 )也是采取类似的方式──避免双方全面战争,造成众多伤亡。但是,此役双方的二十四个勇士皆战死了,所以没有一方面能宣称得胜,既没有结果,厮杀就得继续下去。 

  撒下 2:12-17> 这一战发生在…… 

  2:12-17 以色列分裂后,南北两地不断斗争对峙。不过,大卫在北部真正的对手并非伊施波设而是押尼珥。这段经文记载,押尼珥提出叫双方的勇士用短刀互刺,(亦可译作“戏耍”或“肉搏”。)此役发生于基遍附近(在扫罗家乡便雅悯的地业以内),说明约押的军队已经向北推进,占领了更多的土地。押尼珥提出这建议,可能是想阻止约押军队的挺进。 

  撒下 2:21-23> 择善固执诚然是一分美德,但倘若所坚持的并无恒久的意义,是否要坚持下去? 

  2:21-23 押尼珥一再劝告亚撒黑,不要冒生命危险去追赶他,但是亚撒黑不肯放弃自己的坚持。如果是为着有价值的事,贯彻始终是好的;但是如果只为着个人的荣辱和利益,这种坚持就等于固执。亚撒黑的固执不仅丧失了自己的生命,也使大卫的军队在以后多年陷于苦境( 3:26-27 ;参王上 2:28-35 )。你在决心达到目标之前,先要确认那是否有意义。 

  撒下 2:28> 战争,国家与人民都要付出代价…… 

  2:28 一场大战,约押的军队得胜了( 2:17 ),但是国土分裂,战争持续到大卫作全以色列王的时候才停止( 5:1-5 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》