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旧约 - 路得记(Ruth)第1章

In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bethlehem in Judah, together with his wife and two sons, went to live for a while in the country of Moab.
The man's name was Elimelech, his wife's name Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Kilion. They were Ephrathites from Bethlehem, Judah. And they went to Moab and lived there.
Now Elimelech, Naomi's husband, died, and she was left with her two sons.
They married Moabite women, one named Orpah and the other Ruth. After they had lived there about ten years,
both Mahlon and Kilion also died, and Naomi was left without her two sons and her husband.
When she heard in Moab that the LORD had come to the aid of his people by providing food for them, Naomi and her daughters-in-law prepared to return home from there.
With her two daughters-in-law she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road that would take them back to the land of Judah.
Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go back, each of you, to your mother's home. May the LORD show kindness to you, as you have shown to your dead and to me.
May the LORD grant that each of you will find rest in the home of another husband." Then she kissed them and they wept aloud
and said to her, "We will go back with you to your people."
But Naomi said, "Return home, my daughters. Why would you come with me? Am I going to have any more sons, who could become your husbands?
Return home, my daughters; I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was still hope for me--even if I had a husband tonight and then gave birth to sons--
would you wait until they grew up? Would you remain unmarried for them? No, my daughters. It is more bitter for me than for you, because the LORD'S hand has gone out against me!"
At this they wept again. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law good-by, but Ruth clung to her.
"Look," said Naomi, "your sister-in-law is going back to her people and her gods. Go back with her."
But Ruth replied, "Don't urge me to leave you or to turn back from you. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God.
Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD deal with me, be it ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me."
When Naomi realized that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped urging her.
So the two women went on until they came to Bethlehem. When they arrived in Bethlehem, the whole town was stirred because of them, and the women exclaimed, "Can this be Naomi?"
"Don't call me Naomi," she told them. "Call me Mara, because the Almighty has made my life very bitter.
I went away full, but the LORD has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi? The LORD has afflicted me; the Almighty has brought misfortune upon me."
So Naomi returned from Moab accompanied by Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, arriving in Bethlehem as the barley harvest was beginning.
路得记第一章   第 1 章 

  路得与拿俄米 

  得 1:1> 黑暗时代,也有好故事,且看路得的事迹── 

  1:1 路得的故事大约发生在士师时代,约公元前 1375 至 1050 年间。那是以色列的黑暗时期,人都按自己的意志各行其事(参士 17:6 ; 21:25 )。但是,尽管邪恶和罪恶笼罩着当时的社会,仍然有人信奉神。拿俄米和路得对神所表现出的忠诚、以及她们彼此之间的友谊和信赖就是一个极好的例子。 

  得 1:1-2> 犹大、伯利恒、以法他、摩押;这么多的名字都有关系吗? 

  1:1-2 摩押地位于死海的东部。在士师时代摩押曾是压迫以色列人的国家之一(参士 3:12-30 ),与以色列之间存有敌意。当时,以色列发生了极严重的饥荒,以致以利米勒领着全家移居摩押地。他们之所以被称为以法他人,是因为原来的伯利恒就叫以法他。尽管当时的以色列已击败了摩押,两地的关系仍十分紧张。 

  得 1:4-5> 摩押女子,不也是外邦人吗?神竟也拣选路得,为什么? 

  1:4-5 以色列人与摩押人的交往虽不算友好(参申 23:3-6 ),但可能没有被禁止,因为摩押人住在神应许之地以外;但是,以色列人若与迦南人(或那些住在应许之地境内的外邦人)结婚则违反了神的律法(参申 7:1-4 )。以色列人逃离埃及时曾在摩押地受阻,故摩押人不能于会幕中敬拜耶和华。 

  作为蒙神拣选的国度,以色列应有比其他国家更高的道德标准,然而,神却让路得,一个摩押人,成为体现真诚灵性和美德的范例,可见当时的以色列是多么的败坏。 

  得 1:8-9> 孤身一人,依靠尽失仍以他人为重!人真是可以这样无私?很难相信啊,我就…… 

  1:8-9 在古代,寡妇是极为悲惨的,她们被社会遗弃,几乎处于贫困不堪的境地。因此,在神的律法中特别规定,与死者有最近血缘关系的亲属应负起承担照顾遗孀的义务。但是,在摩押地拿俄米没有亲属,而且她也不知道在以色列的亲属是否还活着。 

  即使在这样的绝境中,拿俄米仍表现出了无私的爱。尽管她自己打定主意独自返回以色列故地,却极力劝路得和俄珥巴留在摩押地,重新开始她们的生活;对于她来说,这决定是十分困难的。我们也应该像拿俄米一样,首先考虑他人的需要,而不仅仅只是想到自己。拿俄米的经历表明,当你无私地处事待人时,他人也会受到感染而乐意以你为榜样。 

  得 1:11> 这句话代表了什么意思?就算她真可以有孩子,那孩子也不能作他们的丈夫啊! 

  1:11 拿俄米在这里说“我还能生子作你们的丈夫吗?”所涉及的是一种叔娶寡嫂的制度,即死者的兄弟对于寡妇所应承担的义务(参申 25:5-10 )。这项律法保障了寡妇不为贫穷所困扰,同时也使死者的族系能得以延续。然而,对拿俄米来说,她没有别的儿子可供路得和俄珥巴婚配,所以拿俄米就劝她们留在故乡,再寻找合适的丈夫,这也是她们的权利。俄珥巴同意了,但路得却为了照顾拿俄米而情愿放弃这种保障自己和生儿育女的机会。 

  得 1:16> “你的神就是我的神”!外邦女子路得对神的信心何其大!我可有将神看作“我的神”? 

  1:16 路得是摩押女子,但这并不妨碍她对真神的敬拜,更不影响神对她的接纳与祝福,可见神不是单单爱以色列人。神之所以选择犹太人,是想通过他们使其他民族得以认识神,这已由耶稣基督在犹太民族中诞生实现了。整个世界都可通过耶稣基督来认识神。“原来各国中,那敬畏主、行义的人都为主所悦纳。”(徒 10:35 )神接受所有敬拜祂的人,神的看顾并不因人的种族、性别和国度而异。神的公义在路得记里得到了十分完美的体现。虽然路得所在的民族常遭以色列人鄙视,但由于她的虔诚而得到神的恩典,并成为大卫王的曾祖母和耶稣的嫡系祖先。任何人都不要因自己的种族、性别和国籍等原因,而感到不配事奉神,万能的神能利用各种环境和途径建造祂的国度。 

  路得记故事的背景 

  得 1:20-21> 在苦难中就只尝到“苦”,人之常情;在信仰中,苦难背后,其实是── 

  1:20-21 拿俄米经历了诸多磨难。她离开以色列时,有丈夫和儿子的陪伴,充满着希望和安全感;之后却丧夫,穷困地返回故乡。她为自己改名字,正反映了她内心深处的苦楚和悲痛。虽然她并不以公开的方式表达自己的痛苦来拒绝神,但她似乎忘却了,那与神、与路得间的亲密关系也是她所拥有的巨大财富。当你面临痛苦时,神期待你诚实地祷告。千万不要忽视在神与你的这种关系中,神所给予你的爱、力量和资源,也不要让苦痛和失望使你错失通向光明的良机。 

  得 1:22> 拿俄米和路得从摩押返回伯利恒,只是为了她们的方便吗?还是神别有计划? 

  1:22 伯利恒位于耶路撒冷西南部约八公里处,为肥沃的田野和茂密的橄榄林所环抱,物产十分丰富,故也称为粮食之乡。 

  路得和拿俄米返回伯利恒显然是神计划的一部分。因为大卫要出生在伯利恒城(参撒上 16:1 )。而且,就像先知弥迦曾预示过的(参弥 5:2 ),耶稣基督将会降生在那里。这种迁移不仅仅是为了拿俄米和路得的方便,也是要应验圣经中的预言。 

  得 1:22> 正是动手割大麦的时候,该是怡人的时节吧? 

  1:22 以色列的气候十分温和,每年有两次收获期,分别在春季和秋季。春季以收获大麦为主。就在这充满着希望和丰盛的日子里,路得和拿俄米回到了伯利恒。伯利恒是个农庄,由于正值收割期,田地里到处都有遗落的麦穗。这些散落的麦穗拾起来可当粮食(参 2:2 注释)。──《灵修版圣经注释》