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新约 - 马可福音(Mark)第15章

Very early in the morning, the chief priests, with the elders, the teachers of the law and the whole Sanhedrin, reached a decision. They bound Jesus, led him away and handed him over to Pilate.
"Are you the king of the Jews?" asked Pilate. "Yes, it is as you say," Jesus replied.
The chief priests accused him of many things.
So again Pilate asked him, "Aren't you going to answer? See how many things they are accusing you of."
But Jesus still made no reply, and Pilate was amazed.
Now it was the custom at the Feast to release a prisoner whom the people requested.
A man called Barabbas was in prison with the insurrectionists who had committed murder in the uprising.
The crowd came up and asked Pilate to do for them what he usually did.
"Do you want me to release to you the king of the Jews?" asked Pilate,
knowing it was out of envy that the chief priests had handed Jesus over to him.
But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have Pilate release Barabbas instead.
"What shall I do, then, with the one you call the king of the Jews?" Pilate asked them.
"Crucify him!" they shouted.
"Why? What crime has he committed?" asked Pilate. But they shouted all the louder, "Crucify him!"
Wanting to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas to them. He had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified.
The soldiers led Jesus away into the palace (that is, the Praetorium) and called together the whole company of soldiers.
They put a purple robe on him, then twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on him.
And they began to call out to him, "Hail, king of the Jews!"
Again and again they struck him on the head with a staff and spit on him. Falling on their knees, they paid homage to him.
And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple robe and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him out to crucify him.
A certain man from Cyrene, Simon, the father of Alexander and Rufus, was passing by on his way in from the country, and they forced him to carry the cross.
They brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means The Place of the Skull).
Then they offered him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it.
And they crucified him. Dividing up his clothes, they cast lots to see what each would get.
It was the third hour when they crucified him.
The written notice of the charge against him read: THE KING OF THE JEWS.
They crucified two robbers with him, one on his right and one on his left.
[and the scripture was fulfilled which says, "He was counted with the lawless ones" (Isa 53:12)]
Those who passed by hurled insults at him, shaking their heads and saying, "So! You who are going to destroy the temple and build it in three days,
come down from the cross and save yourself!"
In the same way the chief priests and the teachers of the law mocked him among themselves. "He saved others," they said, "but he can't save himself!
Let this Christ, this King of Israel, come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe." Those crucified with him also heaped insults on him.
At the sixth hour darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour.
And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out in a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?"--which means, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"
When some of those standing near heard this, they said, "Listen, he's calling Elijah."
One man ran, filled a sponge with wine vinegar, put it on a stick, and offered it to Jesus to drink. "Now leave him alone. Let's see if Elijah comes to take him down," he said.
With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last.
The curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom.
And when the centurion, who stood there in front of Jesus, heard his cry and saw how he died, he said, "Surely this man was the Son of God!"
Some women were watching from a distance. Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome.
In Galilee these women had followed him and cared for his needs. Many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem were also there.
It was Preparation Day (that is, the day before the Sabbath). So as evening approached,
Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the Council, who was himself waiting for the kingdom of God, went boldly to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body.
Pilate was surprised to hear that he was already dead. Summoning the centurion, he asked him if Jesus had already died.
When he learned from the centurion that it was so, he gave the body to Joseph.
So Joseph bought some linen cloth, took down the body, wrapped it in the linen, and placed it in a tomb cut out of rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb.
Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid.
马可福音第十五章   第 15 章 

  彼拉多 

  可 15:1> 犹太人为什么让外人来管他们的事? 

  15:1 犹太人把耶稣带到罗马巡抚彼拉多那里,是因为在罗马政府统治下,他们没权判人死刑。犹太领袖知道必须由一个罗马官员来宣判耶稣死罪。 

  可 15:3-4> 耶稣的罪是…… 

  15:3-4 犹太人要带耶稣到彼拉多面前受审,就要捏造新的罪状来控告耶稣。指耶稣犯亵渎神的罪,对罗马巡抚来说毫无意义。他们控告耶稣另外三项罪:( 1 )鼓动百姓不向罗马政府缴税;( 2 )自称为犹太人的王;( 3 )诱惑国民,在全国引起骚乱。这几样都是彼拉多所关注的(参路 23:2 , 5 )。 

  可 15:5> 耶稣竟不趁机自辩? 

  15:5 耶稣不回答彼拉多的问题,是因为祂即使回答了也没用,而且舍命拯救世人的时刻已经到了,祂没有理由要延长审讯的时间或求脱险。祂自信和镇静的表现是最高的典范,是一般犯人模仿不到的。没有任何事情可以阻止耶稣完成祂在地上的工作(参赛 53:7 )。 

  可 15:7> 巴拉巴是个恐怖分子吧…… 

  15:7 巴拉巴因参与对抗罗马政府的叛乱而被捕。他虽然杀了人,但在犹太人心中却是个英雄。狂热的犹太人蔑视罗马政府和罗马人的假神,他们恨恶被外邦人统治,更讨厌纳税给他们。罗马官员常要解决犹太人的纷争,因此也讨厌犹太人。这正是造反的成熟时机。 

  可 15:8> 今天我像这些善变的人,还是仍然站在耶稣的一边? 

  15:8 这群人大概是忠于领袖的犹太人,但门徒和前几天高呼“高高在上和散那”的人( 11:10 )到哪里去了?同情耶稣的人害怕犹太领袖,都躲藏起来。或许在群众中,有许多当日(今天称为棕榈主日)拿着棕榈树枝参加游行的人,发觉耶稣并非要反抗罗马政府自立为王,便转过来反对祂。 

  可 15:10> 彼拉多也看穿宗教领袖的心…… 

  15:10 犹太领袖憎恨彼拉多,来找他,只为要定耶稣死罪,钉祂十字架。彼拉多看出他们的阴谋。他知道这群人憎恨自己和罗马政府,他们来与他见面,并无别的原因,只是想处死一个他们所不喜欢的人。 %5 

  可 15:13> 为何一定要耶稣死在十字架上? 

  15:13 钉十字架是罗马人惩罚造反者的刑法,罗马政府只会钉死奴隶或非罗马公民。把耶稣钉十字架,就表示祂是造反者,是奴隶,而不是祂所自称的王。这正合犹太领袖的心意,因为他们相信被钉十字架是神的诅咒(参申 21:23 ),这样就能说服百姓,神是咒诅耶稣而不是祝福祂。再者,犹太领袖把钉死耶稣的责任推在罗马人身上,群众就不能责怪他们了。 

  可 15:14-15> 耶稣的死,谁要负责? 

  15:14-15 其实,每一个人都要对耶稣的死负责:门徒因为惊恐而离弃耶稣,彼得不认祂,犹大出卖祂;曾经跟从祂的群众袖手旁观;彼拉多讨好群众,推卸责任;宗教领袖控告祂,促使祂受死;罗马官兵折磨祂……假如当日你在场,亲眼看见这些事发生,你会有什么反应呢? 

  可 15:15> 为取悦利己者而牺牲无辜,是政治智慧,是小人所为? 

  15:15 彼拉多管辖的犹太地区,只是罗马帝国的一个哨站,由于远离罗马,这里只有少量军队驻防。彼拉多最基本的工作是保持管辖区和平。他曾因其管辖区发生几次暴动而被上司警告。虽然他找不出耶稣的罪,也没有理由治死祂,但当他听到犹太群众的恐吓,要上告凯撒(参约 19:12 )时,就犹豫不决了。因为群众若真的向凯撒上告有暴动,彼拉多的地位和前途就不保了。 

  可 15:15> 取悦他人以求自保,是一件很自然的事──不是? 

  15:15 虽然根据罗马法律,耶稣是无辜的,彼拉多却屈服于政治压力下,放弃正义,尝试猜度犹太领袖的意图,取悦他们以求自保。神对是非曲直立场鲜明,我们若放弃神的立场,根据群众的意愿做决定,就是妥协,目无法纪。神应许要嘉许行为正直的人,而不是取悦所有人的人。 

  耶稣到各各他的路程 

  可 15:21> 突然跑出另一个西门来? 

  15:21 在外地居住的犹太人西门,在逾越节期间由北非的古利奈来到耶路撒冷朝圣。这儿提到他的儿子亚历山大和鲁孚,他们可能是初期教会有名的人(参罗 16:13 )。 

  可 15:24> 拈阄分衣服? 

  15:24 拈阄类似于掷骰子或抽签。罗马兵丁有权得到被钉十字架的人的衣服。兵丁拈阄分耶稣的衣服,应验了旧约的预言(参诗 22:18 )。 

  可 15:25> 十字架上的痛苦,你想像得到吗? 

  15:25 钉十字架是一种可怕和羞耻的死刑,犯人要背着自己的十字架走一段很长的路到刑场,以示警告。十字架有不同的形状,行刑也有不同的方式。耶稣是被钉在十字架上,有的罪犯是被绳绑在十字架上。无论是哪一种方式,犯人的体力都会逐渐消失,身体的重量使呼吸越来越困难,最后窒息而死。 

  可 15:26> 犹太人钉死犹太人的王…… 

  15:26 在十字架上,通常会放一个牌,写着犯人的罪状,以收警告之效。彼拉多找不到耶稣的罪,惟有写耶稣的“罪名”是“犹太人的王”。 

  可 15:31> 耶稣救了我,牺牲了自己,我仍无动于衷,我还是人吗? 

  15:31 耶稣本来可以救自己,不承受这些痛苦和侮辱,并把嘲笑祂的人杀掉,但祂爱我们,爱世人甚至仇敌,甘愿忍受这一切苦难与伤痛。当日下午发生的事件中,我们也有分,因为我们的罪也被钉在十字架上。耶稣的死代我们受了犯罪的刑罚,我们惟一可以做的就是认罪,承认耶稣为我们付了本应由我们自己来付的代价。不要无动于衷,再令祂伤痛。 

  可 15:32> 通往天国的道路,就是十字架的道路,你可曾想过? 

  15:32 雅各和约翰曾求耶稣让他们在祂荣耀的国度里坐在祂两旁,当时耶稣说他们不明白自己究竟求什么( 10:35-39 )。现在耶稣要以死来开创祂的国度,在祂两旁的是被判死刑的罪犯。耶稣曾向那两个权力欲高涨的门徒解释,人要就近祂,就要准备受苦舍命,像祂所做的一样。通往天国的道路就是十字架的道路,我们想得到天国的荣耀,就必须甘愿与钉十字架的基督联合。 

  可 15:34> 耶稣凄厉的叫喊,闻者悲痛心酸,只因为与神隔绝了,我对与神的关系如此敏感吗? 

  15:34 耶稣不是因为惊惧或绝望而发出这个问题,而是引用诗篇 22 篇 1 节来表达祂的痛苦。诗篇 22 篇预言了弥赛亚为世人的罪受死所忍受的痛苦。耶稣知道承担起全人类的罪的一刻,会暂时与神隔绝。祂在客西马尼园祷告时所惧怕的就是这个。虽然肉体的痛苦很可怕,但在灵里与神隔绝更可怕。 

  可 15:37> 耶稣临死最后一句话…… 

  15:37 耶稣这声呼叫,大概就是祂最后所说的话:“父啊!我将我的灵魂交在你手里。”(参路 23:46 ) 

  可 15:38> 耶稣断气,殿里的幔子从上而下裂开…… 

  15:38 圣殿的至圣所是神留给自己的地方,前面挂着一幅厚厚的幔幕,象征满身罪污的人与圣洁的神隔开,只有大祭司在每年的赎罪日可以进入至圣所一次,为百姓的罪献祭求赦免。耶稣死时,幔子裂为两半,表明耶稣为我们的罪受死,替我们打开通往圣洁的神的路。幔子由上而下裂开,表示是神开启这条路(参来 9 章)。 

  可 15:42-43> 即或有可能名誉尽失,约瑟也要安葬耶稣,我有没有这样的勇敢和信心为主做见证? 

  15:42-43 耶稣死后,亚利马太人约瑟要求收殓耶稣的遗体,安放在新墓中。他是犹太公会的成员,享有盛名,却是耶稣的秘密信徒。其实不是所有宗教领袖都憎恨耶稣,约瑟冒着名誉被毁的危险,把他所跟随的主安葬了。即使是为了公义,牺牲个人名声也总是一件叫人害怕的事。今天,约瑟流芳教会历史,而当日公会中其他成员却无人记念。当你想到为基督作见证会损害声望时,请回想亚利马太人约瑟。 

  可 15:42-47> 耶稣在安息日前断气也有意义,你知道吗? 

  15:42-47 犹太人的安息日由星期五日落开始到星期六日落结束,耶稣刚好在星期五日落前几小时断气。根据犹太律法,人们在安息日不可从事体力劳动或走远路,也不可让死尸留在空旷地方过夜(参申 21:23 ),所以约瑟就在安息日开始之前埋葬耶稣的遗体。若耶稣在安息日死去,约瑟不能在当日安葬耶稣,罗马人便会搬走耶稣的遗体。这样,没有犹太人能确定耶稣的死,反对的人也定会质疑祂的复活。 

  可 15:44> 对耶稣的复活你还怀疑吗? 

  15:44 彼拉多奇怪耶稣这么快就死去,所以叫一个士兵再查清楚。今天许多人否认耶稣的复活,便硬说祂没有真的死去。然而,百夫长、彼拉多、亚利马太人约瑟、宗教领袖和亲眼看到耶稣下葬的妇女,都能够证实耶稣的死。耶稣实在已经死在十字架上了。 

  耶稣基督真的死了并复活了的证据 

  可 15:46> 耶稣被安葬好了…… 

  15:46 这个墓穴大概是在山间以人手凿成的洞穴,人可走进去。宗教领袖们也看见安葬耶稣的地方,派人守住墓穴,又在石头上加封条,以防有人偷走耶稣的遗体,说祂从死里复活(参太 27:62-66 )。 

  可 15:47-16:1> 我可以为耶稣做什么,在今天? 

  15:47-16:1 这些妇女能够做的不多,她们不能在公会上替耶稣辩护,也不能向彼拉多上诉;她们不能抵抗群众,也不能制伏罗马守卫;但她们做了所能做的事。当门徒都四散逃走时,她们留在十字架下,跟随耶稣的遗体到墓穴,又为耶稣的遗体预备香膏。她们把握所有的机会为耶稣做事,神因她们的忠心和努力赐福给她们,让她们最先看到耶稣复活。我们作信徒的,也要充分利用一切有利条件,把握所有机会,为基督做力所能及的事。──《灵修版圣经注释》