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新约 - 马可福音(Mark)第10章

Jesus then left that place and went into the region of Judea and across the Jordan. Again crowds of people came to him, and as was his custom, he taught them.
Some Pharisees came and tested him by asking, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?"
"What did Moses command you?" he replied.
They said, "Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce and send her away."
"It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law," Jesus replied.
"But at the beginning of creation God 'made them male and female.'
'For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife,
and the two will become one flesh.' So they are no longer two, but one.
Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate."
When they were in the house again, the disciples asked Jesus about this.
He answered, "Anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her.
And if she divorces her husband and marries another man, she commits adultery."
People were bringing little children to Jesus to have him touch them, but the disciples rebuked them.
When Jesus saw this, he was indignant. He said to them, "Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these.
I tell you the truth, anyone who will not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never enter it."
And he took the children in his arms, put his hands on them and blessed them.
As Jesus started on his way, a man ran up to him and fell on his knees before him. "Good teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?"
"Why do you call me good?" Jesus answered. "No one is good--except God alone.
You know the commandments: 'Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.'"
"Teacher," he declared, "all these I have kept since I was a boy."
Jesus looked at him and loved him. "One thing you lack," he said. "Go, sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me."
At this the man's face fell. He went away sad, because he had great wealth.
Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, "How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!"
The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said again, "Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God!
It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God."
The disciples were even more amazed, and said to each other, "Who then can be saved?"
Jesus looked at them and said, "With man this is impossible, but not with God; all things are possible with God."
Peter said to him, "We have left everything to follow you!"
"I tell you the truth," Jesus replied, "no one who has left home or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for me and the gospel
will fail to receive a hundred times as much in this present age (homes, brothers, sisters, mothers, children and fields--and with them, persecutions) and in the age to come, eternal life.
But many who are first will be last, and the last first."
They were on their way up to Jerusalem, with Jesus leading the way, and the disciples were astonished, while those who followed were afraid. Again he took the Twelve aside and told them what was going to happen to him.
"We are going up to Jerusalem," he said, "and the Son of Man will be betrayed to the chief priests and teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to the Gentiles,
who will mock him and spit on him, flog him and kill him. Three days later he will rise."
Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him. "Teacher," they said, "we want you to do for us whatever we ask."
"What do you want me to do for you?" he asked.
They replied, "Let one of us sit at your right and the other at your left in your glory."
"You don't know what you are asking," Jesus said. "Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with?"
"We can," they answered. Jesus said to them, "You will drink the cup I drink and be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with,
but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared."
When the ten heard about this, they became indignant with James and John.
Jesus called them together and said, "You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them.
Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant,
and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all.
For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many."
Then they came to Jericho. As Jesus and his disciples, together with a large crowd, were leaving the city, a blind man, Bartimaeus (that is, the Son of Timaeus), was sitting by the roadside begging.
When he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to shout, "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!"
Many rebuked him and told him to be quiet, but he shouted all the more, "Son of David, have mercy on me!"
Jesus stopped and said, "Call him." So they called to the blind man, "Cheer up! On your feet! He's calling you."
Throwing his cloak aside, he jumped to his feet and came to Jesus.
"What do you want me to do for you?" Jesus asked him. The blind man said, "Rabbi, I want to see."
"Go," said Jesus, "your faith has healed you." Immediately he received his sight and followed Jesus along the road.
马可福音第十章   第 10 章 

  最后一次到犹太地的旅程 

  可 10:2> 我有时也会为了辩论而辩论,但耶稣却是与众不同的…… 

  10:2 法利赛人企图用这个问题来引耶稣跌入设定的圈套里:如果耶稣说可以,就是支持他们的观点。如果祂说不可以,群众中一些曾藉律法取巧、为着私利休了妻的人就会反对祂;更严重的是会惹起希律的愤怒,施洗约翰就是因为反对希律休妻和斥责他通奸( 6:17-28 )而招杀身之祸的。法利赛人正希望藉此机会铲除耶稣。 

  法利赛人视休妻为法律上的问题,而非属灵上的事情。耶稣抓着他们的试探,乘机重申神订立婚姻的目的,并揭露法利赛人自私的动机。他们并不思考神对婚姻的期望,只满足于为方便而结婚。另外,他们这样断章取义地引用摩西的话并不公正。耶稣指出这些律法专家的知识其实肤浅得很。 

  可 10:5-9> 人常说:不到最后一步,不要离婚。但离婚真是可行的最后一步吗? 

  10:5-9 神容许离婚,是对人类罪恶的容忍。神不赞成离婚,却订立离婚的做法,其实是为了在恶劣的情况下,保障受害的一方。可惜法利赛人以此作为离婚的藉口(参申 24:1 )。耶稣解释这并不是神的心意,相反,神希望人视婚姻为永久的盟约。不要在婚姻中想着离婚,从开始就决心永远向对方委身,婚姻才会美满。不要像法利赛人那样冷酷,倒要靠着神的帮助,定下心志,永远与配偶在一起。 

  可 10:6-9> 神设立的理想婚姻是……你期待过吗? 

  10:6-9 当时,妇女只是男人的资产,结婚离婚就是如土地买卖般的交易。耶稣指责这种态度,申明神设立婚姻的原意是要二人成为一体(参创 2:24 )。祂指明神对婚姻的期望,让门徒朝着这个理想努力。 

  可 10:13-16> 耶稣让需要祂的人接近祂,今天在我身边的多是什么人? 

  10:13-16 有些人经常批评耶稣花太多时间跟不适当的人,如小孩子、罪人(参太 9:11 )、税吏(参路 15:1-2 ; 19:7 )在一起。有些门徒也认为耶稣应该多跟重要的领导人和虔诚的宗教人士一起,这样才能够提高祂的地位,避免批评。不过,耶稣是神,用不着刻意提高地位。祂要跟最需要祂的人说话。 

  可 10:14> 信仰其实可以很简单…… 

  10:14 成年人不像小孩子那样容易信任别人。小孩子只需要关心他的人亲切地看看他,温柔地摸摸他,就会有安全感,不需要在道理上明白一切。他们信任我们,就会相信我们。耶稣说人都要以小孩子那样单纯的信心来相信祂。我们毋须明白宇宙一切的奥秘,只要知道神爱我们、赦免我们的罪便够了。这不是说我们应该幼稚、不成熟,而是我们应该像小孩子一样单纯地接受神。 

  可 10:17-23> 我已把一切交给耶稣了。我已把一切都交给耶稣了? 

  10:17-23 这个年轻人想确实知道自己可以得到永生,所以问耶稣他要做些什么。他说自己从未犯过耶稣所提的任何一条律法( 10:19 ),也许他甚至遵守了法利赛人自定的规条。耶稣充满慈爱地向他提出一个要求──变卖所有的,分给穷人。这个要求击破了这个年轻人的骄傲心态,披露了他的真正动机,也揭示了他不能进入天国的原因──贪爱钱财,金钱显示了他对自己的成就和努力的自豪感。最讽刺的是,他自认为守了诫命,但是,他这种态度已触犯了第一条诫命──除了神以外,人不可有别的神(参出 20:3 )。他不能符合耶稣提出的惟一要求──全心全意地归向神。这个人来到耶稣那里要看看自己可以做什么;离开时,他就知道自己做不到什么。有什么障碍使你不能够把生命交给基督呢? 

  可 10:18> 耶稣这个反问教人有点招架不住…… 

  10:18 其实,耶稣在问:“你真的知道你跟谁说话吗?”只有神是良善的,无论这人明白与否,他称呼耶稣为“良善的”,就等于称祂为“神”了。 

  可 10:21> 变卖所有?真的要? 

  10:21 虽然耶稣希望这个人变卖所有,把钱分给穷人,但并不是说每一个信徒都要把自己所有的一切卖掉。大部分跟随耶稣的人都以自己所拥有的去服事别人,但不都是把所有的卖掉。这个故事其实是要告诉我们:不要让任何我们所拥有或想拥有的东西阻碍我们去跟随耶稣。我们必须除去一切障碍,全心全意地去事奉耶稣。如果耶稣向你提出要求,你是否能放弃你的房子、汽车、优越的生活、晋升机会?你的反应会显出你对钱财的态度,显出钱财究竟是你的仆人,还是你的主人。 

  耶稣关于爱的教导 

  可 10:21> “耶稣看着他,就爱他”,爱就是…… 

  10:21 耶稣知道这个人不会跟从祂,但仍然向他表达真挚的爱。爱让我们严厉地劝告别人,不避讳,不隐瞒真理。基督爱我们到一个地步,坦率地对我们说话,为我们死。假如祂表面上爱我们,就会放纵我们做任何事。然而,祂完全地爱我们,则要求我们改变。 

  可 10:23> 有钱人进神国难,难在…… 

  10:23 耶稣说有钱人很难进天国,因为他们能满足自己肉体上的各种需要,往往便会倚靠自己。心灵感到空虚的时刻本来是到神面前的好机会,但有钱人可以藉购物而不是藉神来填补空虚,他们的富足反成为他们的缺乏。在世上拥有巨大财富的人仍会缺乏最重要的东西──永生。 

  可 10:26> 有人说,信心越大,财富越多,你说呢? 

  10:26 门徒感到诧异,难道财富不是神赐的福,不是行善的赏赐吗?今天仍然有许多人抱有这个错误的观念。虽然许多信徒享受到丰裕的物质生活,但也有很多信徒生活艰苦。财富并不是信心的标志,也不代表神偏待人。 

  可 10:29-30> 我可以像彼得豪迈地对耶稣说“我已撇下所有跟从你”吗? 

  10:29-30 耶稣向门徒保证,任何人若为祂舍弃珍宝,虽然不一定得回同样的东西,却可在今生得到百倍的报偿。例如因接受基督而遭家人拒绝的人,可得到一个更大的信徒家庭。不过,由于世人憎恨神,信徒得到报偿的同时,也会受到逼迫。耶稣强调逼迫是要提醒我们,不要因为自私的原因或只想得到回报而跟随祂。 

  可 10:31> 在后的将要在前?但今天的世界明说成功的永在前。耶稣此话何解? 

  10:31 在将来的世界里,今世的价值观都将要颠倒过来。今生追求名誉地位的,在天国里将会一无所有;今生谦卑度日的,在天国里将会受到尊崇。当今社会的腐败促使价值观变得混乱,如何成为重要人物、如何令自己快乐的声音从四面八方来冲击我们,耶稣要我们服事别人的教导又似乎不合时宜。但谦卑服事人的,最有资格在神国里为大。 

  可 10:32> 面对死亡,谁──不怕? 

  10:32 耶稣刚刚跟门徒谈过面对逼迫的事情。门徒想到在耶路撒冷会有逼迫等待他们,就十分震惊。 

  可 10:33-34> 虽然耶稣讲得仔细,但门徒不尽明白,我听道又明白多少呢? 

  10:33-34 门徒对耶稣将来的死和复活的事不应该感到震惊。这儿,耶稣清楚地向他们说明将会发生在祂身上的事,可惜他们没有听清楚祂的话:耶稣说祂是弥赛亚,他们却以为弥赛亚是一位好战的王;祂讲到复活,他们却只听见祂的死。因为耶稣常常讲比喻,门徒或许以为祂说及死和复活的话,是一个他们听不明白的比喻,因为他们不够聪明。福音书记载了耶稣对自己的死和复活的预言,表明这些事都是神在起初已定下的计划,并不是偶然发生的。 

  可 10:35-36> “求主帮助……求你……”你常常向祂求什么? 

  10:35-36 马可记载是约翰和雅各向耶稣提出请求,马太则记载是他们的母亲来提出请求。这两段记述并没有冲突,母亲与儿子一致要求基督,在祂的国里给他们尊贵的位分。 

  可 10:37> 要先求祂的国和祂的义,有时候我也不太明白…… 

  10:37 门徒跟当日许多犹太人一样,对旧约先知所预言的弥赛亚国度抱有错误的观念。他们以为耶稣会在地上建立一个王国,把以色列从罗马的压迫中解放出来。雅各和约翰想在其中得到尊贵的位置。不过,耶稣的国度并不属于这个世界,祂国度的中心也不在皇宫和宝座,而在信徒的心里和生命中。门徒直等到耶稣复活了才明白这一点。 

  可 10:38-39> 为主受苦,易讲不易做,我真的甘愿受苦吗? 

  10:38-39 雅各和约翰表示愿意为耶稣面对任何磨难,他们的确为主受了苦:在十二使徒中雅各最先为主殉道(参徒 12:2 ),约翰被放逐(参启 1:9 )。我们很轻易就说要为基督忍受任何苦楚,但往往因为极微小的困难而埋怨。我们若愿意为基督的缘故赴汤蹈火,也必须愿意为服事别人而受苦。 

  可 10:38-40> 常常我都是很用心祷告,为何祂却没有答应…… 

  10:38-40 耶稣没有嘲笑雅各和约翰,却拒绝他们的要求。我们可向神求任何东西,不过神要给我们最好的,而不单是我们想要的东西。所以为我们着想,祂会拒绝我们某些请求。 

  可 10:42-45> 个人的成就,就是人的价值的指标?你是这样想吗? 

  10:42-45 雅各和约翰想得到神国度中最尊贵的位分,但耶稣告诉他们,只有服事人的人才是至尊至大的(参彼前 5:1-4 )。 

  大部分的公司、团体、机构都以个人成就的高低来衡量人的价值;然而,在基督的国度里,服事人才是成功之路。想要飞黄腾达的欲望只是我们的跘脚石,没有任何帮助。要满足个人的需要,倒不如找方法满足别人的需要。 

  可 10:45> 耶稣用自己把我从罪中赎回来?让我细想…… 

  10:45 耶稣揭示了祂工作的目的,更显示了人得救的基础。赎价指释放奴隶所需的金钱。我们没有能力赎自己,耶稣就替我们付这赎价(参彼前 1:18-19 )。耶稣受死,把人从罪的奴役中释放出来。门徒以为耶稣会拯救他们脱离罗马政府的辖制;耶稣却说因为罪的奴役比罗马政府的奴役更甚,祂要藉死亡来拯救他们脱离罪恶。 

  可 10:46> 耶利哥是什么地方? 

  10:46 耶利哥是一个着名的旅游胜地。希律王在犹太旷野距离约旦河不远的地方重建这城。耶稣正在上耶路撒冷途中( 10:32 ),经过比利亚后,很自然就进入耶利哥了。 

  可 10:46-52> 街上的乞丐问你要钱,你通常有什么反应?耶稣亲近他们…… 

  10:46-52 当时大部分的工作都是体力劳动,这对残障人士极之不利。即使神的律法命令百姓要照顾有需要的人(参利 25:35-38 ),但残障人士一般都被迫行乞,所以很多市镇都有乞丐。当时的人认为瞎眼是因犯罪而被神咒诅(参约 9:2 ),但是耶稣医治瞎眼的人,驳倒了这个观念。 

  可 10:47> 瞎子的呼求,也是你的呼求? 

  10:47 人们都知道弥赛亚是大卫的后代(参赛 9:7 ),所以往往称弥赛亚为大卫的子孙。巴底买称耶稣为大卫的子孙,表示他承认耶稣是弥赛亚。他的信心使他得痊愈。──《灵修版圣经注释》