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新约 - 马太福音(Matthew)第12章

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.
But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.
But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;
How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?
Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?
But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple.
But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day.
And when he was departed thence, he went into their synagogue:
And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him.
And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out?
How much then is a man better than a sheep? Wherefore it is lawful to do well on the sabbath days.
Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, like as the other.
Then the Pharisees went out, and held a council against him, how they might destroy him.
But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all;
And charged them that they should not make him known:
That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying,
Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles.
He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets.
A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory.
And in his name shall the Gentiles trust.
Then was brought unto him one possessed with a devil, blind, and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake and saw.
And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David?
But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils.
And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand:
And if Satan cast out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom stand?
And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges.
But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you.
Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house.
He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad.
Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men.
And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come.
Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his fruit.
O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.
Then certain of the scribes and of the Pharisees answered, saying, Master, we would see a sign from thee.
But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:
For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here.
The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, seeking rest, and findeth none.
Then he saith, I will return into my house from whence I came out; and when he is come, he findeth it empty, swept, and garnished.
Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first. Even so shall it be also unto this wicked generation.
While he yet talked to the people, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without, desiring to speak with him.
Then one said unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren stand without, desiring to speak with thee.
But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?
And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren!
For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.
马太福音第十二章   太 12:1-2> 安息日不可做的事真多,那些法利赛人的心想的是什么? 

  12:1-2 法利赛人以神的律法和犹太传统的解释作为基础,订立了三十九项安息日绝对禁止的行为,而“收割”就是其中一项。门徒掐麦穗并在手上搓麦粒,根据宗教领袖所说,他们已算是在收割。耶稣和门徒是因为肚子饿而掐麦穗,并不是在安息日工作,收割得利。法利赛人不能够也不愿意看破律法的字句意思,去明白其根本意义,他们毫无怜恤的心,一心只想控告耶稣。 

  太 12:4> 盲目跟从,不如不从;对于律法,你所持的态度是…… 

  12:4 陈设饼每星期更换一次,换下来的饼按例可作祭司的食物;大卫所吃的正是要换下来的旧饼(参撒上 21:1-6 ),虽然只有祭司才可以吃此饼,但神并没有惩罚大卫,因为他的需要比律法的细节条文更重要。耶稣的意思是:你们定我有罪,也就是定大卫的罪。宗教领袖绝不会这样做,以免引起群众的暴动。耶稣并不是鼓吹违反神的律法,只是强调当实践律法时要有洞察力和同情心。 

  太 12:5> 他们忘了律法背后的意义,只要求别人硬性去做;我们嘛…… 

  12:5 十诫禁止人在安息日工作(参出 20:8-11 ),这是字面的意思,但神定立安息日的原意是叫人休息和敬拜神,所以祭司可以做献祭和安排敬拜的工作。安息日的工作就是服事神、敬拜神。耶稣常常强调律法的原意,字句背后的意思,法利赛人已丢掉了律法的精神,只僵硬地要求别人和自己去遵从其字面的意思和他们对律法的解释。 

  太 12:6> 宗教的仪式和规条可以助人易于投入,只是除了这些,敬拜的内容还有…… 

  12:6 法利赛人过于注重宗教礼仪和规条,以致忘记了圣殿的真正作用──带领人到神那里。因为耶稣基督比圣殿更大,由祂把人带到神那里岂不好得多!神远比那些为敬拜而造的物件更重要。我们注重敬拜的方式若超过敬拜的对象,虽然我们以为自己正在敬拜神,其实已经失去了祂。 

  太 12:7> “我喜爱怜恤,不喜爱祭祀”,耶稣重复这句话有什么意思? 

  12:7 耶稣对法利赛人重复犹太人历代不断听到的话(参撒上 15:22-23 ;诗 40:6-8 ;赛 1:11-17 ;耶 7:21-23 ;何 6:6 )。只有先对准神,我们才能适当地遵守宗教的守则和礼仪。 

  太 12:8> 耶稣应不单是安息日的主吧,祂可也是你的主? 

  12:8 耶稣说祂是“安息日的主”,是向法利赛人宣告自己比律法更大,更超越。对于法利赛人来说这是异端,他们不明白耶稣是神的儿子,是祂创造了安息日。创造者一定比受造物大,所以耶稣有权柄去掌管他们的传统和规条。 

  太 12:9> 12:9 会堂是犹太人聚集敬拜和学习律法的地方(参可 1:21 ; 5:22 注释)。 

  太 12:10> 不论情况如何,耶稣总愿意帮忙;别人有需要时,你的反应又如何? 

  12:10 法利赛人想要为难耶稣,指着那个一只手已经萎缩的人,问耶稣在安息日治病是否合法。根据他们的安息日条例,在安息日只可以医治性命危殆的病人。 

  耶稣曾多次在安息日治病,当中没有一次是情况危急的。倘若祂改天再医治,便表示祂顺从了法利赛人的权威,认同他们那些偏狭的条例相等于神的律法;倘若祂在安息日医治那人,法利赛人就可以因为祂破坏了规条而宣告祂的能力不是由神而来的。 

  耶稣是要让人看见法利赛人的规条是何等荒谬和偏狭,神不是规条的神,而是活人的神。别人正需要帮助的时候,就是我们接触他们的最好时刻。 

  太 12:10-12> 面对异端,敬而远之,若他们有需要时,你会…… 

  12:10-12 法利赛人看重他们的律法过于人的需要,专注耶稣触犯了他们什么规条,却看不见那个枯干了手的人的需要。你对别人的态度如何呢?如果你认为因信仰不容许你帮助某些人,那么你的信仰可能就与神的道不符了。不要让教义使你看不见别人的需要。 

  太 12:14> 面对异己,就动杀机,法利赛人有何图谋? 

  12:14 耶稣否定法利赛人的权威,在会堂里向着全会众揭露他们的丑恶心态,指出他们忠于自己的宗教制度过于神,法利赛人觉得被侵犯,就图谋杀害耶稣(参路 6:11 )。 

  太 12:15> 面对别人的错误,你会避而不提,还是勇于指出来? 

  12:15 直到这时,耶稣仍不断地揭露法利赛人的伪善,但因为祂受死的时候还未到,还有许多道理要教导祂的门徒和群众,于是祂在对抗激化之前离开会堂。 

  太 12:16> 耶稣不是要来传信息的吗?为何祂不允许得医治的人作声? 

  12:16 耶稣不让那些得医治的人把祂所行的神迹张扬出去,是不希望人带着错误的动机来跟从祂,妨碍祂的教导,引起他们对地上世界错误的盼望。但祂行神迹的消息最后还是传开了,许多人都来要见祂(参可 3:7-8 )。 

  太 12:17-21> 耶稣是大君王,你晓得祂是一个怎样的“王”吗? 

  12:17-21 百姓期望弥赛亚是一位君王,这里所引用以赛亚的预言(参赛 42:1-4 )正指出弥赛亚的确是一位君王,但祂是一位安静、谦卑、为世界带来公义的王。正如耶稣时代的群众一样,我们也可能希望基督好像一个君王,在我们的生命中带来大而显着的胜利,但通常基督的工作是平静的,按着祂最合适的时间,而不是按我们的意思去成就。 

  太 12:24> 用尽方法也不要耶稣,是法利赛人为保地位的坚持;今人虽不是如此,但也有拒绝祂的时候…… 

  12:24 法利赛人曾污蔑耶稣是撒但( 9:34 ),现在又企图以争辩来激动耶稣的情绪,使祂声誉受损。他们拒绝相信耶稣是神,称祂为撒但,但耶稣很容易就揭露了他们愚妄的争辩。 

  太 12:25> 暗中所行,没有人会知道,谁又会察觉我内心的一切? 

  12:25 耶稣成为肉身,放弃了使用完全、无限的超然能力,但仍能深刻洞悉人性,祂的洞察力制止了宗教领袖陷害祂的企图。复活了的基督知道我们全部的心思意念,这点带给我们安慰与恐惧:安慰是因为神真正了解我们向祂所表达的意思;而恐惧是因为我们不能在祂面前隐藏,祂知道我们自私的动机。 

  太 12:29> 捆缚罪恶要靠耶稣,你不是有所怀疑吧…… 

  12:29 耶稣降临,瓦解了撒但的能力和辖制;旷野里,祂胜过撒但的试探,复活时,祂战胜了撒但的最后武器──死亡。最终撒但将要永远被拘禁(参启 20:10 ),罪恶将不能再充满世界,耶稣有完全的权能控制撒但和它的势力。 

  太 12:30> 在十字路口犹疑不决,可会是──我想认识主,又不想信…… 

  12:30 我们不能对基督保持中立,任何人不是积极跟随基督,就是选择拒绝祂。在善恶争战之中,任何人企图保持中立,就是选择了与神分开,因祂是绝对的善,拒绝跟随基督就是选择加入撒但的行列了。 

  太 12:31-32> 干犯圣灵是什么意思?你尝试过吗? 

  12:31-32 法利赛人把主基督靠圣灵所行的神迹,当作撒但的能力( 12:24 ),他们亵渎了圣灵。不得赦免的罪是使自己的心变得刚硬,故意拒绝承认神在基督里的能力。有时候信徒会担心自己是否意外地犯了不得赦免的罪,但只有背弃神和拒绝全部信仰的人才需要担心。耶稣说他们不得赦免,不是因为他们的罪比其他人更大,乃是因为他们不会寻求赦免。任何人拒绝圣灵的感动,就是放弃了惟一可以引导他悔改、与神和好的动力。 

  太 12:34-36> 一不小心,语出惊人,想收也收不住,我…… 

  12:34-36 耶稣提醒人们,人口里所说的话,显示出人的内心。我们口中所说的正表现了我们的心思意念。但无论如何,单单洁净口所说的话,并不能解决内心的问题,必须让圣灵充满我们的心,更新自己的态度与动机,才会根本地洁净我们的言语和内心。 

  太 12:38-40> 法利赛人也许是真想追求吧,你看他们多热切──其实我也很渴望看见神迹…… 

  12:38-40 法利赛人正要求另一个神迹,但并不是真诚地寻求认识耶稣。耶稣知道他们早已看过足够的神迹和证据,假若他们肯敞开自己的心,早已信服耶稣就是弥赛亚了,只是他们定意不相信祂,即使有更多的神迹,也不会改变这种态度。 

  许多人有这种想法:我只要看见一个真正的神迹,就会立刻相信神。耶稣对法利赛人的回答在这些人身上也适用。我们已经有许多证据──耶稣的降生、死亡、复活和升天,以及历代以来祂在全世界信徒生命里的工作。我们接受神早已赐与的恩典,努力前进,不必再寻找额外的证据和神迹了。祂可能使用你的生命作为凭证,去接触其他的人。 

  太 12:39-41> 三日三夜在鱼腹,勉强传道众悔改;降临人间一耶稣,死后三日再复活,人亲眼见心却…… 

  12:39-41 约拿是一个先知,受神差派到亚述的尼尼微城。亚述是一个极凶残和好战的国家,约拿尝试逃避这个任务,结果在大鱼腹中三日三夜,当他出来之后,很勉强地去尼尼微城,传讲神的信息,结果全城的人都悔改了。相反,耶稣来到祂的族人那里,他们却不肯悔改,耶稣在这里很清楚地说,祂的复活将会证实祂是弥赛亚,祂死后三日便会复活,正如约拿在鱼腹中三日后重得生机一样。约拿书记载了约拿的事迹。 

  太 12:41-42> 我想努力追求主,可是讲道听过就忘了,圣经读过就算了,我还有…… 

  12:41-42 约拿的时代,尼尼微城是亚述的首都,是一个罪恶满盈的城市(参拿 1:2 ),但当约拿传道后,全城立即悔改。南方的女王也曾从远方来见以色列王所罗门,学习他的智慧(参王上 10:1-10 ;路 11:31-32 注释)。当神向这些外邦人展示自己时,他们就能认识真理;此刻,神就在这些宗教领袖面前,他们却置之不理。你如何回应你掌握的真理与凭证呢? 

  太 12:43-45> 你的心是预备好了,打开一看,耶稣在哪儿? 

  12:43-45 耶稣特别描述以色列人和宗教领袖的心态:单单打扫干净自己的心,却没有让神充满,这就给撒但留下许多进入的机会。以斯拉记记载了百姓怎样清除自己的偶像,却没有让神的爱来代替偶像,没有顺从神。除去生命中的罪是第一步,我们必须让神的道和圣灵来充满我们的生命,不让撒但有机可乘。 

  太 12:46-50> 明明不是一家人,教会中的人都称弟兄姊妹,何解? 

  12:46-50 耶稣并非否定自己对地上家庭的责任,相反,祂批评那些宗教领袖没有遵行旧约中孝敬父母的命令( 15:1-9 )。当耶稣被钉在十字架上的时候,仍为母亲的将来安排(参约 19:25-27 ),祂的母亲和兄弟在五旬节时也在门徒住的楼上出现(参徒 1:14 )。这里耶稣指出了属灵关系正如肉身关系一样密切,祂为新的信徒群体(普世教会),就是我们属灵的家铺路。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》