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新约 - 马太福音(Matthew)第10章

He called his twelve disciples to him and gave them authority to drive out evil spirits and to heal every disease and sickness.
These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon (who is called Peter) and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John;
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus;
Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.
These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: "Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans.
Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.
As you go, preach this message: 'The kingdom of heaven is near.'
Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, drive out demons. Freely you have received, freely give.
Do not take along any gold or silver or copper in your belts;
take no bag for the journey, or extra tunic, or sandals or a staff; for the worker is worth his keep.
"Whatever town or village you enter, search for some worthy person there and stay at his house until you leave.
As you enter the home, give it your greeting.
If the home is deserving, let your peace rest on it; if it is not, let your peace return to you.
If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, shake the dust off your feet when you leave that home or town.
I tell you the truth, it will be more bearable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town.
I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.
"Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues.
On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles.
But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say,
for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.
"Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rebel against their parents and have them put to death.
All men will hate you because of me, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved.
When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. I tell you the truth, you will not finish going through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes.
"A student is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master.
It is enough for the student to be like his teacher, and the servant like his master. If the head of the house has been called Beelzebub, how much more the members of his household!
"So do not be afraid of them. There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known.
What I tell you in the dark, speak in the daylight; what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the roofs.
Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.
Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father.
And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered.
So don't be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.
"Whoever acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge him before my Father in heaven.
But whoever disowns me before men, I will disown him before my Father in heaven.
"Do not suppose that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword.
For I have come to turn "'a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law--
a man's enemies will be the members of his own household.'
"Anyone who loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me;
and anyone who does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.
Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.
"He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives the one who sent me.
Anyone who receives a prophet because he is a prophet will receive a prophet's reward, and anyone who receives a righteous man because he is a righteous man will receive a righteous man's reward.
And if anyone gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones because he is my disciple, I tell you the truth, he will certainly not lose his reward."
马太福音第十章   计算跟随基督之代价 

  太 10:1> 昔日祂呼召了十二门徒,如果祂现在呼召你,你会…… 

  10:1 耶稣呼召了十二位门徒,祂用特别的方式选召他们去服事祂。基督今日呼召我们,祂不会强迫我们去做我们不愿意做的事,我们可以选择跟随祂或留在后面。当基督呼召你去跟随祂时,你如何回应呢? 

  太 10:2-4> 我又没有什么才干,如何可以事奉神? 

  10:2-4 耶稣呼召了不同的人──渔夫、激进党人、税吏作祂的门徒,祂呼召平民老百姓和杰出领袖、富有的和贫穷的、知识分子和文盲。今天许多人都认为只有某些人才有资格跟随基督,但主耶稣却不是这样认为。神能够使用任何人,不管那人觉得自己何等卑微。你觉得自己很微小、没有价值吗?要切记神会使用平凡的人去做祂那不平凡的工作。 

  太 10:3-4> 圣经人物的别名真多,这个巴多罗买又是谁? 

  10:3-4 巴多罗买可能是拿但业的别名(参约 1:45-51 ),达太就是雅各的儿子犹大。奋锐党是当时一个激进的政党,主张以暴力推翻罗马在以色列的统治。(有关门徒名单,请参可 3:16-19 ;路 6:14-16 ;徒 1:13 。) 

  太 10:5-6> 救恩不是普世性的吗?为何耶稣叫门徒不要进外邦人的城? 

  10:5-6 凡不是犹太人的都是外邦人,撒马利亚人是以色列人被掳后(参王下 17:24 ),跟外族人通婚所形成的混血民族。耶稣吩咐门徒单单到犹太人当中,因为神拣选了犹太人(参罗 1:16 ),先要把福音传给他们,再由他们把福音传遍世界。犹太门徒和使徒把基督复活的好消息传遍整个罗马帝国,不久外族人就涌进教会。圣经清楚教导,神的救赎信息是给予全人类的,不论种族、性别或国籍(参创 12:2-3 ;赛 25:6 ; 56:3-7 ;玛 1:11 ;徒 10:34-35 ;罗 3:29-30 ;加 3:28 )。 

  太 10:7> 耶稣说:“天国近了”,可你知道“近”在哪儿吗? 

  10:7 犹太人正等待着弥赛亚来临,为他们带来祂的王国,他们盼望一个政治军事的强国,把他们从罗马的统治中释放出来,恢复昔日大卫和所罗门时代的辉煌,但耶稣所说的是属灵的国度。今天,福音就是天国仍然接近我们,耶稣就是弥赛亚,祂已经开始了祂在地上在跟从祂的人心中的国度,有一天祂的国度会完全实现,那时邪恶势力会被毁灭,所有人都会和睦共处。 

  太 10:8> 若有余,我就与人分享──你是这样想吗? 

  10:8 耶稣给门徒一个如何去服事别人的原则:“你们白白地得来,也要白白地舍去”。因为神倾福予我们,我们应该慷慨地把自己的时间、爱心和财物与他人分享。 

  太 10:10> 传道人、牧师也需要人关照?他们不是有不绝的爱去关心人吗? 

  10:10 耶稣说那些工人应当得到照顾,应该得到食物和安身之所,作为服事人的回报。你要关心传道人、宣教士、主日学教师和藉着服事你去事奉神的人(参林前 9:9-10 ;提前 5:17 )。 

  太 10:10> 出门当然要带鞋子,为什么作门徒就不用带? 

  10:10 马可福音记载耶稣要门徒穿鞋和带备拐杖(参可 6:8 ),而马太福音和路加福音则记载不要带鞋和拐杖(参路 9:3 ),好像有出入,其实不是。耶稣的意思可能是叫他们除了脚上所穿的鞋子和手中拿着的拐杖,不要带“额外”的鞋子。无论如何,原则是他们只要预备自己职责和旅途所需用的东西就够了,以免行李多累赘。 

  太 10:14> 跺掉脚上的尘土,究竟有什么意思? 

  10:14 为什么耶稣告诉门徒倘若某城市或家庭不接待他们,离开时要跺掉脚上的尘土呢?虔诚的犹太人离开外族的城市时,往往会跺掉脚上的尘土表示他们与外族人的风俗无关。门徒跺掉脚上犹太人城市的尘土,表明这个犹太人的城市或家庭拒绝接受弥赛亚,失去了跟从基督的机会,作了错误的抉择,而且这些人与门徒无关。你是否接纳从神而来的教训?假若你漠视圣灵的催促,你可能不再有机会了。 

  太 10:15> 罪恶的城市,悲哀的下场;你有为那些听过福音而不信的人担过心吗? 

  10:15 所多玛和蛾摩拉这两个城市极其邪恶,被神降火烧毁(参创 19:24-25 )。有机会听福音而拒绝接受的人,在审判时比在这些邪恶城市中从未曾听闻福音的人处境更糟! 

  太 10:16> 灵巧像蛇,驯良像鸽子──做人岂不摇摆不定? 

  10:16 法利赛人的攻击就如凶猛的豺狼,门徒惟有盼望他们的大牧者来保护他们。我们可能也面对类似的危难,要像门徒一样,不单驯良如鸽子,也要敏锐和审慎,不要迷迷糊糊地被人利用,也不要作虚伪的欺骗者。我们必须平衡智慧和驯良两方面,去完成神的工作。 

  太 10:17-22> 我的家人都不理睬我,为何我仍要信耶稣? 

  10:17-22 不久这些门徒就要经历这些苦难(参徒 5:40 ; 12:1-3 ),不但是来自政府法庭的,也包括亲人、朋友的逼迫( 10:21 )。为神而活往往会带来逼迫,同时也带来宣讲福音的机会。在逼迫中,我们要有信心,因为耶稣“已经胜了世界”(参约 16:33 ),忍耐到底的人将必得救( 10:22 )。 

  太 10:19-20> 传福音的时候很紧张?不如听听耶稣对你说的…… 

  10:19-20 耶稣告诉门徒当他们因为传福音的缘故而被捕时,不用担心怎样答辩,神的灵会引领他们说话(参徒 4:8-14 )。但有些人却误以为传福音不必作准备工作,因为神会照应一切。其实,圣经教导我们要小心预备如何应对(参西 4:6 ),耶稣只叫我们不要担心,而不是叫我们不必作准备工作。 

  太 10:22> “忍耐到底”,到底为谁? 

  10:22 “忍耐到底”并不是得救的方法,却是真正委身于耶稣的凭证;坚持并不是赚取救恩的方法,只是真正敬虔的生命所应有的表现而已。 

  太 10:23> 为义受逼迫的人既然有福,为何耶稣要我逃? 

  10:23 基督警告门徒要逃避未到时机的殉道,逼迫未变得太大之前,就要离开。我们须完成许多工作,也须接触许多人,这些工作直到基督再来才会完成,惟有在祂回来之后,整个世界才会晓得祂的真正身分( 24:14 ;参罗 14:9-12 )。 

  太 10:25> 为了耶稣的缘故,你可能会被人污蔑,你可有心理准备? 

  10:25 别西卜是苍蝇之主和鬼王,其实法利赛人是称耶稣为“撒但”( 9:34 ),控告祂靠着别西卜的能力赶鬼( 12:24 )。有时人会把善称为恶,完美的耶稣也曾被指为邪恶,祂的门徒也要准备接受相似的污蔑,但坚持到底的人将会得到平反( 10:22 )。 

  太 10:29-31> 照照镜,看一看,你看到一个怎样的自己?你猜神又如何看你? 

  10:29-31 耶稣说神关心各样的事情,甚至是麻雀的需要。你比那些小鸟贵重得多,神甚至差遣祂独生的儿子为你而死(参约 3:16 )。祂给你尊贵的地位,你不必害怕别人的恐吓或困难的考验,这些都不能动摇神对你的爱,也不能把圣灵从你心里赶走。但并不表示祂将会免去你一切的困难( 10:17 , 21 ),生命的价值就在这些生活的磨难与受辱中承受真实的考验,在其中屹立不倒就显出其真正的价值。在困难中仍然坚信基督的人,才真正得到这长存价值,必获得极大的赏赐( 5:11-12 )。 

  太 10:34> 和平之君耶稣却不带来和平?那祂又带来什么? 

  10:34 耶稣带来的和平,并非那种掩饰彼此歧见而粉饰出来的和谐。选择跟随耶稣的人和不跟随耶稣的人之间一定会有矛盾和不和,但我们可以盼望总有一天矛盾可以化解。(有关耶稣作为和平使者的讨论,请参 5:9 ;赛 9:6 ;约 14:27 。) 

  太 10:34-39> 如果你的家人要求你拜偶像,你会不会因此与他们大吵大闹? 

  10:34-39 委身基督可能会使我们与朋友和所爱的人分隔。耶稣这样说并不是鼓励我们违背父母或在家中引起纷争,反而显明祂要求我们作决定。由于有些人跟从祂,有些则拒绝,两者之间必引起无可避免的冲突。当我们背起十字架跟从祂,我们与别人不同的价值观、道德、目标和决定,就必使我们与他人有距离。不要忽略你的家人,但也不要忘记你对神的委身比他们更重要,祂应该在你生命的首位。 

  太 10:37> 爱家庭不是神的律法吗?耶稣何出此言? 

  10:37 耶稣呼召我们,不是要我们寻求生命的舒适和安宁,而是要我们承担一个更高的使命。爱家庭是神的律法,但有时这分爱也可能成为只顾个人利益的一个藉口,叫我们不去事奉神,不去做祂的工。 

  太 10:38> 十字架的道路,太难行了吧,你会走上吗? 

  10:38 背起我们的十字架来跟从耶稣,是公开承认与基督的关系,经历别人的反对,并愿意为祂的缘故面对任何事,甚至为祂受苦受死。 

  太 10:39> “得”与“失”之间,是一个银币的两面?有多少距离? 

  10:39 这节经文显示出真理的两面:抓紧生命可能使我们在今生和来生丧失从神而来最好的东西。当我们愈喜爱今生的报酬──享受、权势、受拥戴、经济保障,就愈会发现这些东西是何等虚空。因此,享受生命的最佳途径,就是放弃贪恋世上报酬的心,自由地跟从基督,这样,我们将会承受永生,并立刻开始经历跟从祂的好处。 

  太 10:42> 有所付出,总期盼赞美;在服事别人时,你的心在想什么? 

  10:42 我们如何对待别人可以用来量度我们爱神之心。耶稣以给一个口渴小孩一杯凉水的例子,作为无私服事的榜样。神视自己为领受者一样,注意每一件我们做或没有做的善事。今天你是否无私地服事他人呢?虽然可能没有人看见,但神注意着你的善行。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》