旧约 - 历代记上（1 Chronicles）第19章
| In the course of time, Nahash king of the Ammonites died, and his son succeeded him as king. |
| David thought, "I will show kindness to Hanun son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me." So David sent a delegation to express his sympathy to Hanun concerning his father. When David's men came to Hanun in the land of the Ammonites to express sympathy to him, |
| the Ammonite nobles said to Hanun, "Do you think David is honoring your father by sending men to you to express sympathy? Haven't his men come to you to explore and spy out the country and overthrow it?" |
| So Hanun seized David's men, shaved them, cut off their garments in the middle at the buttocks, and sent them away. |
| When someone came and told David about the men, he sent messengers to meet them, for they were greatly humiliated. The king said, "Stay at Jericho till your beards have grown, and then come back." |
| When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench in David's nostrils, Hanun and the Ammonites sent a thousand talents of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah and Zobah. |
| They hired thirty-two thousand chariots and charioteers, as well as the king of Maacah with his troops, who came and camped near Medeba, while the Ammonites were mustered from their towns and moved out for battle. |
| On hearing this, David sent Joab out with the entire army of fighting men. |
| The Ammonites came out and drew up in battle formation at the entrance to their city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the open country. |
| Joab saw that there were battle lines in front of him and behind him; so he selected some of the best troops in Israel and deployed them against the Arameans. |
| He put the rest of the men under the command of Abishai his brother, and they were deployed against the Ammonites. |
| Joab said, "If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you are to rescue me; but if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will rescue you. |
| Be strong and let us fight bravely for our people and the cities of our God. The LORD will do what is good in his sight." |
| Then Joab and the troops with him advanced to fight the Arameans, and they fled before him. |
| When the Ammonites saw that the Arameans were fleeing, they too fled before his brother Abishai and went inside the city. So Joab went back to Jerusalem. |
| After the Arameans saw that they had been routed by Israel, they sent messengers and had Arameans brought from beyond the River, with Shophach the commander of Hadadezer's army leading them. |
| When David was told of this, he gathered all Israel and crossed the Jordan; he advanced against them and formed his battle lines opposite them. David formed his lines to meet the Arameans in battle, and they fought against him. |
| But they fled before Israel, and David killed seven thousand of their charioteers and forty thousand of their foot soldiers. He also killed Shophach the commander of their army. |
| When the vassals of Hadadezer saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became subject to him. So the Arameans were not willing to help the Ammonites anymore. |
历代志上第十九章
第 19 章
代上 19:1> 亚扪人的来历……
19:1 亚扪与以色列东部边境毗邻。他们的民族有一个龌龊的起源──他们的始祖便亚米是罗得与女儿乱伦所生的（参创 19:30-38 ）。亚扪人与以色列人世代为仇，到士师时代兵力强盛达到巅峰。大卫是第一位压制了亚扪人的军事领袖，使他们以后多年不能再扰害以色列人。
代上 19:2-3> 别人若对我好，我第一个反应会是……
19:2-3 哈嫩误解大卫的用意，由于他疑忌太甚，结果自取其祸。人由于过往的经验，很容易凡事猜疑别人，查问别人的行动，猜忌对方的动机。我们对人处事虽然要谨慎明智，却不可凡事推断别人不怀好意。
19:4-5 以色列的成年男子通常都留胡须。如果被人强迫剃须，会使他感到异常难堪；况且大卫的使者被割去下半截衣服，半身赤裸。哈嫩羞辱了这些人，并以此来凌辱以色列人。
代上 19:6> 哈嫩文过饰非，我如何对待自己所犯的错？
19:6 哈嫩不仅没有认错，寻求大卫的饶恕与和好，反而花大笔金钱想遮掩过失。他这样做付出了极大的代价（ 20:1-4 ）。遮掩过错常常比诚实地认错付出的更多。人想藉着自辩平息过犯，结果使过失更加严重，倒不如一看出自己犯错就立刻求对方饶恕并与之和好，这样双方就都免去许多痛苦烦恼。──《灵修版圣经注释》
历代志上第十九章
与亚扪人争战（十九 1 ～ 19 ）
．战事的导火线（ 1 ～ 5 ）：拿辖曾善待大卫（ 2 ），故此大卫知恩报恩而遣使去安慰哈嫩。然而亚扪人因以小人之心去测度大卫的诚意而种下祸端。凡事往好处看，虽然面对损失的机会可能较高；但常揣测他人动机为不诡的心态，往往最易挑生祸端。大则兵戎相见，小则耿耿于怀，侵蚀人的灵魂。
．兵戎相见（ 6 ～ 15 ）：亚扪人无理恶待大卫的使者，不单毫无悔意，反而厉兵秣马，要与大卫于战场一较高下；不单如此，亚扪人更雇用大队邻国兵马来增添声势。由于一次鲁莽的行动而招至干戈相见，何苦由来！国与国之间的问题使不少生灵涂炭；人与人之间的问题岂不也带来严重伤害呢！求主使我们彼此坦诚相待，免去因误解而来的不必要损伤。
．与亚兰人战（ 16 ～ 19 ）：亚兰人本受雇前来助战，战败后却心心不忿而向外增援，再图与大卫一战。不料这次亚兰人依然战败，且一败涂地，只得臣服于大卫的脚下。
表面看来，这次只是国与国之间的寻常战争，胜败也只归究于两方各自的实力。但约押的安排（ 12 ～ 13 ）显示双方不单势均力敌，他更可能看到敌人的强悍而作出了特别安排。可见这两次战役，大卫是在神的扶助下成为战争中的胜利者。神作为历史的主宰，祂引领发生于地上的事，并扶助那些倚靠祂的人。
祈祷 求主使我更多倚靠，因为我的一生在的手中。──《新旧约辅读》
历代志上
历代志上 第十九章 注释
19:1-20:3 膺惩亚扪
参撒下 10:1-19注。
亚扪王哈嫩恩将仇报，凌辱大卫派来吊唁的使节（ 4）， 恐怕大卫报
复，便雇用亚兰人结成联军备战，结果为大卫的元帅约押杀败。其後
琐巴王哈大底挥军重来以挽回战败国的面子，与以色列人会战约但河
东；结果全军覆没，只好俯首称臣。
5
「耶利哥」：以色列人一向以此为不祥之地（参书6:26-27），
故此大卫命令臣仆留居此城直到耻辱过去。
6
「米所波大米」：其实只是指幼发拉底河与底格里斯河西北流
域的叙利亚区域的伯利合（撒下10:6）。
「亚兰玛迦」：参2:23注。
7 「米底巴」：位於亚扪以南的摩押地。
18
「七千辆战车」：数目可能稍为夸大，或是抄写上出了错，
「七百辆」（撒下10:8）比较合理。
思想问题（第 19章）
１ 大卫差遣使者慰问哈嫩，以行动表达仁慈的心，你是否也能敏於
察觉其他人的需要，并以实际行动表达你的关怀呢？
２ 大卫对哈嫩的关怀，却导致使者蒙羞，并引起悲惨的战争。
这在人际关系上给予你什麽教训？
３ 约押面对敌人的阵势时，一方面挑选精兵（ 10）、部署作战之策
（ 11-12），鼓励军心（13上），一方面交托给神（13下）。
当你面对人生许多争战时，你又如何去取胜？
「倚靠神」与「运用机智」是否一定互相冲突？
历代志上 注释
一九1～4 拿辖在扫罗的时代曾经攻打以色列（撒上一一）。他很明显在扫罗统治期间给予大卫一些这里没有记载的帮助。因此，当他死的时候，大卫差遣人去安慰他的儿子哈嫩。然而哈嫩却误听愚见，羞辱大卫的使者，以此来凌辱以色列人。（以色列的成年男子通常都留胡须。如果被人强迫剃须，会使他感到异常难堪；何况大卫的使者被割去下半截衣服，半身赤裸。）
一九5～7 亚扪人害怕大卫报复，于是用银子雇了马兵，预备作战。
一九8～15 约押和他兄弟亚比筛打败了亚扪和亚兰的联军。约押在第13节的劝勉激励以色列人，也显示他对这场战役有正确的观点。
一九16～19 亚兰人……打发他们在约但河那边的同胞过来，准备报一箭之仇。大卫明白到会有危机，立即聚集兵马主动抢攻。朔法所领的军队淬不及防，在以色列人面前溃不成军，骄傲的亚兰只好臣服于大卫。
历代志上 19:1
历代志上
注释
十九 1 至二十 3 对抗亚扪人的战役
亚扪人是约但河东的另一支民族（参十八 2 、 12-13 ）。戴维与拿辖之间早期的友谊（十九 2 ），只在拿辖与扫罗的敌意交往中透露出来（撒上十一），甚至在戴维出场之前。亚扪人对戴维的看法（十九 3 ）表示无论邻近各国是助长他还是对抗他，他仍是一股愈来愈大、不可忽视的力量。战争爆发后，那些与十八章 5 节的军队有关的亚兰军，也卷入冲突之中。戴维的外甥约押和亚比筛两兄弟（二 13-17 ），共同领导戴维的军队（这提示了十八 12 与诗六十篇的标题之间的关系）。亚兰联军在两次战役后被击退（十九 14-18 ；与撒下十 18 的数字有所不同，参导论）。亚扪人最后被击败了，如二十章 1 至 3 节所记的，但对于戴维与拔示巴通奸及杀害丈夫的事，则只字不提（撒下十一 2 至十二 25 ）；作者只想提戴维的成功，而不讲他的过错。
历代志上
历代志上第十九章
19：1 本节至20：3所记和《撒下》10-12章极为接近，可看《撒下》的注解。不过大卫和拔示巴犯罪的事则被略去。
19：4 看《撒下》10：4注。
19：7 米底巴在约旦河东摩押地，土地肥沃。
19：18
《撒下》10：18记的战车数目为“七百”，此处数字增大了十倍，若非抄写之误，则为作者或他所依据的材料，希望强调大卫的胜利。有的译本作“七千驾战车的人”。
